90 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XV, 
is believed to have been elevated first and the other, the 
north-western angle, embracing Kashmir, the Murree hills and 
to a smaller extent the Simla hill states, where elevation, less 
at the commencement, has been most considerable during the 
later Tertiary periods. This is indicated by the wide distribu- 
tion within this area of marine rocks of Eocene age and by the 
great elevations at which these rocks as well as the freshwater 
Murree beds now occur. Thus, the latter are found at eleva- 
tions of more.than 8,000 feet or 2,000 feet higher than the 
same beds occur elsewhere in the Himalayas. The faulted and 
exceedingly complex structure in the hills separating Murree 
rom the plains—much more marked than in most other parts 
I imagine no one will seriously dispute the proposition that 
the drainage of a considerable portion of India, when it formed 
the end of the Eocene is attempted, will be sufficient to show 
how much more probable it is that the drainage of the northern 
half of India should be in a north-westerly direction than in 
any other. 
If so much is admitted, it follows that between the end of 
the Eocene and recent times the drainage of that part of India 
must have been reversed. Opinions will only differ as to when 
and how this took place. With the elevation of the Himalayas 
and the withdrawal of the sea to the north, the geographical 
river would cut through the land as it rose from the 
sea, and, so to speak, follow the retreating sea 
through the mountainous tract, which would rise on 
