XX Annual Address. [February, 1919. 
regarded as a distinct species (H. neanderthalensis). The sub- 
sequent discovery, near Heidelberg, of a jaw of a still more 
primitive type and, at Piltdown in Sussex, of a cranium 
also regarded as more primitive than the Neanderthal re- 
mains, has led to the establishment of a third species for the 
former (H. heidelbergensis) and even of a new genus (Hoanthro- 
pus) for the latter; but the generic value of Hoanthropus has 
been questioned by W. K. Gregory, who has recently pub- 
lished in the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural 
History for 1916 an exhaustive critical discussion of the evolu- 
tion of the primates; he comes to the conclusion that the 
Piltdown skull (Hoanthropus dawsoni) should be retained in 
the genus Homo, and also suggests the possibility of its identity 
with Heidelberg man. ; 
With the possible exception of the Heidelberg and Pilt- 
down fragments, no fossil remains of man are known before 
implements but no human remains. Unfortunately, the hori- 
dispute. If, as has been maintained, the deposits in which 
they are found belong to the first Interglacial epoch, they are 
clearly much older than the Mousterian man of Neanderthal an 
carry the records of the human race back almost to the begin- 
ning of the Pleistocene. Claims have been made for the existence 
human in type, as may be seen from his reconstruction of 
the lower jaw. W. K. Gregory, however, takes a different 
w, and tk j 
