1919.] Five heretical teachers on Jainism and Buddhism. 131 
principles are the same for ever and ever. 
The epithet pluralism implies that Kaccayana sought to 
explain the whole of experience in the light of seven or six 
substances. The seven substances according to the Buddhist 
enumeration are earth, water, fire, air, pleasure, pain, and soul. 
The six substances given by the Jainas are (1) earth, (2) water, 
(3) fire, (4) air, (5) space, and (6) soul. 
The Jai d the Buddhist accounts differ no doubt in 
some respects but fundamentally we find an agreement between 
em. 
We are led to understand that according to Katyayana the 
concrete existences are the results of the combination of the 
dualism of Pippalada in the ‘Prasnopanishat, that is, of San- 
khya. 
Pippalada as is well known postulated prana and rayi 
(that is, purusa and prakriti) the two ultimate principles 
relating to the explanation of all phenomena. 
philosophy. If the substances are uncreated, uncaused and 
eternally existent, and if they mechanically unite and disinteg- 
The B * 
Ajitakesakambali whose doctrine like that of Epicurus is gen- 
utter contempt for every thing Vedic or Brahmanic. He naively 
denied the possibility of re-birth and retribution. The world 
