1919.] Ancient Hindu Spherical Astronomy. 167 
A B | +B 
es SIDEREAL PE- | ge gga 
| ; 
Yojanas. Days. | Yojanas. 
Moon * i eet 324,000 27°321674 | 11,858°7 
MERCURY .. se 1,043,209 87°969702 11,858°7 
VENUS an a 2,664,637 224°608568 11,858°7 
Sun is oe 4,331,500 365+258756 11,858-7 
Mars <é ws 8,146,909 686997494 11 ,858-7 
JUPITER ks me 51,375,764 4,332°320652 11,858°7 
SATURN vas .. | 127,668,255 10,765°773075 11,858°7 
The ¢ diameters of the planets other than the sun and moon 
generally given in terms of that of the moon. There is little 
agreement as to the values, some of which are shown in 
table 4 
11. Mean motions.—The mean motions of the planets 
are shown in the form of the number of revolutions in a yuga 
cycle. For example,j Aryabhata gives the sidereal revolu- 
net in 4,320,000 years as 
Sun ‘ 3320, MeErcury 17,937,920 
Moon .. 57,753,339 JUPITER 364,224 
M aut ,296,824 © VENUS . 7;022,388 
SATURN .. . .- 146,564 
Since at the beginning of the Kaliyuga (i.e. sunrise at Ujjain, 
18th February, 3102 B.c.), or at the beginning of the Kalpa, 
all the planets were supposed to be in conjunction, ¢ the findin 
of the mean place at any particular time is not a difficult 
matter. If ¢ be the time elapsed from the epoch, then having 
reduced ¢ to savana days, d. (i.e. Thee calculated the ahar- 
gana) the position is obtained by dR / 
There is no indication as to the means by which the revo- 
* The early Hindu astronomers were course, well aware of the 
natural order oF the planets, but usually va place them in the ‘ week- 
day order. 
+ For other values see table 2. 
t z4 is the period (P) of the planet, but the Hindus did not generally 
utilise “ile ratio as a single element—See, however, the Parchasid- 
dhantika, Ch. XVI. 
