Ixxxii Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XV, 
physiological text-books have eae the figure for normal saline 
t. As I wis to give a hypertonic solution, 
that is one containing more gets than the normal blood, I 
doubled the former “strength and used a 1°2 per cent of sodium 
chloride. or 120 grains to a pint, to which I afterwards added 
4 grains of calcium chloride, because physiologists have found 
the latter salt to be beneficial to the heart. Captain, now 
made a seri 
sently. Cholera, sade gh and septic cases were in those days 
1 old nurse who laboured for nearly ten years in these dismal 
surroundings. ‘They may be summarized in a sentence by 
saying that by using two teaspoonfuls of common salt to a pint 
of water instead of o one, the mortality of cholera was nearly 
halved. Nothing could well Be slospler, yet nearly eighty 
years had elapsed since salines were first injected intravenously 
in cholera vows the physiological principle of using a hyper- 
tonic instea an isotonic solution was established. It was 
at once clear to me that a great advance had been made which 
stimulated me to persevere with my investigations of the blood 
changes in cholera, so as to place the whole subject on a firm 
scientific basis 
THE BLoop CHANGES IN CHOLERA AS A BASIS FOR THE 
HYPEerTonic TREATMENT. 
In the first place I estimated the amount of chlorides in 
I further established that the hypertonic saline did 
specially raise the salt content of the blood, and to the greatest 
extent in recovering cases, which explained ‘both the failure of 
the former isotonic and the success of the hypertonic solutions. 
ther important point was to estimate the amount of 
fluid lost from the blood in cholera, so as to ascertain if the 
amount was in proportion to the severity of the case, and to 
learn how much salt solution it is necessary to inject to replace 
