1919.] The Sixth Indian Science Congress. XCV 
bring to the notice of planters the fact that the serious losses due to soil 
erosion in the plan pein districts which have taken place in the past, are, 
oa table. 
In Java soil erosion is prevented by ldntis the land before it 
is planted. In Southern Jane the " pidtiienk resented is to stop erosion 
in old established tea, and the paper describes two siete of doing this 
in a practical and economic Wey. which have proved successful and have 
been widely adopted. 
The first is gradually to build up terraces by means of burying 
prunings in trenches dug along the contours of the me oa leaving the 
butts of the prunings projecting 6 to 8 inches from the ing and 
plucking are then done along the contours and at successive prunings the 
‘? 
oO 
m 
The second method is to stop all fatls ig gi clean ih peta on 
teep slopes and to keep these permanently, covered with a crop of 
eted weeds, legumes for rt oa Such a crop is established by 
teaching the weeding coolies to leave the weed chosen, and remove all 
others. 
The best plant so Pig found for the ln is Cassia mimosoides, 
L. Parochetus communis, Hamil. has also been used. 
When these legum es ee ree tablished use is made of other 
weeds which grow easily, and lar; are now under Ovalis corniculata, 
L., which has proved an pore pines for the - pusgta and has done no 
— to the tea. 
eed is considered better than ee and use has been made 
of ie {ollchetiners —Cotula australis Ca ardamine hirsuta, L.; 
Galinsoga parvifiora, Cav. ; Laurenberghia hence 
This use of weeds thal effectively stopped wha t is known in Travan 
core as ‘‘dry wash,’’ a slipping of the loose textured soil in the hot 
weather 
Note on land drainage in ee tracts of the Bombay 
Deccan.—By ©. C, Ine 
Just as the conditions pra determine irrigation practice he 
Bombay Deccan differ in alm very essential from those of Northern 
India, so the Speen which sgt the stamens of land drainage a 
also essentially different 
n the Bombay Pisooan : _ 
(1) The damage is entirely due to - canals, 
(2) Sodium s mers hate is the chief 
(3) Substrata vary excessively and abruptly, and 
(4) Groandfall is very great (about 1 in 150 
Each drainage may be looked pe - a deep valley once denuded of 
soil and later filled up with colluvial sil 
There are five distinct types of strata :— 
(1) Soil—impermeable when wet, 
(4) oan substratum—very perm apie fen fissured, and 
(5) Fissured noek-alightly to very permeable ; 
and for our purpose these should be looked on as ihre layers of perme- 
“( ) An ia be! mooeneene layer, 
(2) A moderately permeable middle meee 
(3) A very paraeates hard substratum 
