1919.] Identification of Three Monuments at Sarnath. 193 
Translation :—‘‘ they (Sthirapala and Vasantapala) repaired 
the Dharmarajika and the Dharmacakra (vihara?) including 
the accessories, as well as, the Gandhakuti, made of stone, be- 
longing to eight great places.” 
We shall attempt, now, to examine these monuments and 
establish their identity, as far as we can, in the light of Hiuen- 
t-siang Travels, epigraphic finds and other documents. 
: .—Dr. Vo oge el tried to identify the present 
“ Dhamekh Stupa”’ with the * ‘Dharmarajika”’ of the inscrip- 
Dharmarajika, Dr. Vogel abandoned his ine sifestios: Arche 
ologists, have, however, ascertained that the Dhamekh Stupa 
stupas generally.' It has pores been pointed out that the 
Jagat Singh Stupa was of Asokan age. We may infer, there- 
fore, that the word ‘ Dharmarajika refers to the original struc- 
ture of the Jagat Singh’s Stupa. Moreover, we gather from 
the travels of Fahien that he saw a stupa where the Panca- 
was the famous site of the ‘‘Turning the wheel of the law.” * 
Judging from this, I am inclined to believe that the Dharma- 
rajika is the Jagat Singh stupa. 
DuarmMacakra.—It has been mentioned in the Mahipal lipi, 
as Sangam Dharmacakram. Dr. Vogel took the word sangam 
at 
accepted his interpretation. This rendering, in my opinion, 
is very doubtful. We meet with an expression like Sanga 
Veda meaning Sadanga-Veda. Likewise, we may take the 
expression sangam Dharmacakram to mean the present Dharma- 
cakra together with its —— accessories. The meaning of 
Dharmacakra remains to be settled. From the fact that the 
cakravihar denoting the monastery of Sarnath *; in a seal dis- 
covered in the course of excavation at Sarna th has been in- 
scribed :—3hgqdaa Pawaagai waga.* From this we may con- 
clude that the whole monastery used to be called Saddharmacakra 
and a chapel within its precincts was known as Mulagandha Kuti 
84,000 Dharmarajikas built by Asoka Dharmaraja, as tated b 
Dinyivaina (Ed. Cowell and Neil, p. 379), quoted by Foucher tes: Bend 
dhique 
e of Fahien (translated by amen de pp. 307-8. 
3 In silvia of Fal of Kumaéradevi, we t Sarnath has been 
called Saddharma-cakra vihar; vide the present emer’ s “ History of 
erage * 222. 
4 Hargreave’s Annual Progress Report for 1915, p. 4. 
