xviii Annual Address. [February, 1920. 
from the language itself and is as scientific as his great prede- 
cessor, Panini. 
he Oriental Translation Fund Series under the manage- 
ment of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 
is keeping up its old and established reputation. During the 
years under review, the Series has published several translations 
of importance of which the most notable is that by Mr. Ui, a 
young Japanese scholar, who has translated from Chinese a 
system of VaiSesika Sutras with ten categories instead of six as 
in Kanada’s Sutras. The original in Sanskrit is lost and it is 
only known in Chinese translation. The Vaisesika Sitra with 
ten categories shows that there were other Sutras too on the 
subject, before it assumed the stereotyped form with six cate- 
gories ; has appended a history of the Nyaya and 
VaiSesika sutras to his translation and he has shown that, 
contrary to ved opinions among the Brahmanas, the 
Vaisesika Sutras preceded the Nyaya Sutras. The materials 
which he has used for his preface belong to the period of great 
upheaval of Indian mind in the 6th and 7th centuries before 
Christ, which upheaval produced the great systems of Buddhist 
and Jaina religions and what are called the Six Heretical 
Schools. Much of these early speculations are embodied in the 
Angas of the Jainas and the early works of the Buddhists. 
Coming to India, we find all over the country series of 
publications issued, some with commercial objects, others for 
the publication of rare works that will not sell, some with 
State-aid and some with the aid of wealthy individuals and 
families. So there are many series. But out of these, two 
stand prominent—the Mysore Series and the Trivendrum 
Series. Within these twenty years Mysore Series have published 
60 volumes and Trivendrum about the same number of vol- 
umes. The most notable works published by the Mysore 
Series is the ArthaSastra of Kautilya or Canakya, the Prime 
Minister of Candra Gupta. Hitherto the curiosity to know 
ancient India used to be satisfied with scraps of quotations 
given in works of the Ist and 2nd centuries A.D. from the 
works of Alexander’s contemporaries. But here, now we have 
that politics simply consists of coercion only. The Asuras 
belonged to this school of thought and the work is attributed 
