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1842.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 255. 
. 
tural History! This fruit loses all its interest because we — vs the people, the Chinese place the literati in the 
are not ve nes it is-—something i must be that is well | fore rank, as learning is with them the stepping-stone 
wn 8 rom to eenere but immediately after the learned, the hus- 
imperfect meer given of it. Probably it is either | bandman takes the precedence of all others, because being 
ec vulgaris, the Jujube, or Eleeagnus orientalis, the engaged in raising the necessaries of life, he is abundantly 
Olea i echanic, who merel 
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‘Mr. seabed s Botanical Library.—O n Monday next | the forms of matter—and the merchant, who originates 
commences the sale of Mr. Lambert's books. It is a lon ng | nothing, and only barters = exchanges commodities for 
time since so many fine works have been brought to the | thesake ofgain. This honour put upon avs ral em- 
hammer ; and we presume there will be great competition ween is is evidently the. result of desi sign, and shows 
for some of the lots, of which there are nearly 700. | thatt ‘ ts, needs 
Among the more remarkable subjects are the following :— oahiveting. 4 to its utniost extent, in order to wredile the 
Gen sustenance.* The industry and skill of the 
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thorp’s Flora Greca; a presentation copy of Catesby’s | life as possible, would also a argue a dense population, ever 
ag in excellent condition ; Sloane’s Natural His- | straggling against threatening want, and compelled to 
of Jamaica; the unpublished plates of the Flora | exert themselves for their daily bread. In tropical cli- 
ese Satis h r ion 
nt food f who 
Liave and Lexarza’s Account of “Meni ica ate a work tion, and are therefore indisposed to exert themselves 
“ hina, the I i 
ms ; 
; ; ploy; 
in 0 vols. folio, extremely rare. a mon cole the pro- cnutribathig' his guota to the common iil Pair one 
nflower.—The proper te ae ties wing must in knows that they are untiring in their exertions to main- 
a great measure be regulated by croumatances but the | tain themselves and families. In the business of agricul- 
earlier the seed can be got into the ground Secbettety say | ture, they are more particularly active, raising two crops 
the beginning of April, as the crops will be ripe and ready | from the ground every year, extending their cultivation in 
to harvest the latter ee seus, which will be of the aye estas direction, and bringing the most Lenght 
greatest importance to the grower. ‘The necessary quan- g spots into use, in order that nothing may be lost. Their 
tity of seeds erat for an acre diponda upon the condi- skill In effecting these objects is not, considering their few 
' tion of the soil, and varies from 4 lbs, to 5 Ibs. ; but of | advan tages, Mah ace They thoroughly understand 
course it is advisable to sow a little more than is actually | the importance of varying the crops; they know caus) 
wanted, to — against any unforeseen accidents which | well the ssdibad and soils ad: apted for certain produc’ 
may happen to the seeds before ge Megroud The seed | and they are fully sensible of the importance of saauilitfas 
should be arilled into the ground, and th tance from | the ground, in order to maintain its fertility. A stranger 
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at 18 inches from plant to plant, 25,000 per acre; and at | evening the cottager brings home a certain et 
12 in. from plant to plant, 32,000. The produce of this kind add to thee dung heap, which is a most important appen- 
of grain, like that of most others, varies considerably ac- age to every dwelling. pete: A vig few mg Arc rad hein 
cording to the state of the soil, climate, and the cultiva- they are obliged to make the t of the 
tion that is employed ; but the 0 quantity of seed is | stock of men and swine. This | is elretilly nr taning ail 
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powder, form excellent fodder for all kins of cattle, par- | so as to provide for future exigencies; such as ecayed 
ticularly milch cows, as it may them to great | animal and vegetable matter, the sweeping of streets, the 
advantage Bepres ing the pomees with chaff or bran.— | mud of canals, burnt bones, lime ; and, what is not a lit. 
wane Expres 
F u ps , ughout the e 
ture of the Madia sativa 7 oleaginous plant in some re- | high importance placed on stercoration, in China, we see 
: in IL. Kj 
: ew g 
te in this country a few years since, but which from un- | an illustration of that passage in II. Kings, vi. ms | 
Pp ry 
successful cultivation has been neglected), in which he en- | when ty was oe te t famine in Samaria, ‘* the fi 
deavours to account for the results which have been ob- part o cab of dove’s dung was sold for “five Gibco 0 
tained by different cultivators. The Madia undoubtedly aie? andes nied jor 1841. 
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ing bot ior quality an - 
29 flavour. . The results obtained a the two last year pe Gardens, Claremont. MEMORANDA. 
i j * oy 
He se are ce follows: On the om sas 1840, the round the mansion peak and. richl acredead before 
» mixed wi arrot-seed, was a piece of | the south front sag is cet beautiful lawn where the mount —_ 
land which had previously received 34, "000. kildieriins of pov oa has wa ps en the e of Claremont to the estate. The cas- 
farm-yard manure. The same aeanhit y of ground was | ‘elated building or tower which is carer: 4 the eminence nee 
toe. 
es 
— in like manner for Beet a od Potan s. The Madia | visitor has also a good view of Windsor Castle from other parts 
u g. of oil, the net value of which | of the grounds. ‘There is a pretty conservatory standing on the 
was 323 francs 28 Pe After all the expenses incident | higher arose of the pleastre-grounds, which contains some fine 
upon the culture , the average value of the Madia | SP¢cimens of greenhouse plants in excellent order. ; 
Beetroot 3 tn 
ularly desery of : 
was as 99, of the he Potato 52, and of «| valued palag na of ie delightful ance of its flowers; 
After the la Y red of the pes, crops, Oats were | Acacia pubescens, armata; Banksia grandis and serrata; some 
ail 9 the” ground where Bect ge the Fees ae eee ot: of Camellia, . RANCAT, , Aen oe 
Pp ng season, and: upon that before occupied by the | *°- r the: conservetcey tae. Seranger 
. : . comes pera is particular! 
Madia mixed with Carrots. The produce of the near worthy oF house; it eel aia tapeke and wan 
piece compared with the former was as 46 to 41. “So ad- originally designed y the Princess Charlotte for an alcove 
" yantageous a — as a of 1840, says M. Boussingaule, | 9Ptn seat, Sta — sunbed be death tha ben me 
was sufficient to encourage us in in inereasin g the cultivation =et her — ey “2 two Pipe se ‘of Cu inghamis 
of the Madia ati NEE Se one, as will be hereafter | sinensis, which were planted in ni. a are now from 16 saad 
seen, to our great loss at disadvantage. Lest beatin feet in ait ie cis perfectly h : ee as 
* . ornam ad ar 
the land having been manured in the same teach o a tichiy. vite amental apes Fauce and shrubberies, a 
in the preceding year, the quantity of aa ~ ettracted circular lake, having a luxuriantly wooded islet in its centre, in- 
from the "Madia wag li ttle more than 97 kilogs., the net | terspersed with trees, is agreeably presented to the view ; and the 
value of which was 156 francs 40 centimes. + 8 1841 the: | broad margin CR which is, surrounded hacen fend 
ia ca perfection in 122 days; the year before it ay otenad a P reimotaean te the oanles 7s the n cathe of 
= rhe grgend. 127; the differencein point of time | May or June, when odendrons are chery “4° te 
as therefore trifling. The mean temperature < here of great size and in the most luxuriant : 
‘ 8: 2 mi ee tee ieee resemble some enchanted fairy land. In various 
during those 127 days was 17 deg. 2 min. Réaumur ; that owing trees are conspic 
; i é ‘for 
ber hae 17 deg. 6 min. ; therefore Kn failure cannot pratima Dd Lair renee en ins: a nd 
, Attrtouted to a cooler season, but to the abundance of | Picea, Rinne Comlarned. Pinaster, Cedar of Lebanon, Quere us Phel- 
rain which fell during the latter year. ratte double the | 1S var. latifolia, Quercus Suber, aire + apie ooh, De- 
quant of th di a / ciduous Cypress, and many others. s forming the 
y year preceding. Ow to the different | underwood in the plantations are vvtseubiety tat striking fine, 
which have been obtained in these two attempts to | and must make the walks. —— even in the midst ss winter. 
extivat the Madia, itis rather difficult to decide whether | The flower.and kitchen gardens are at some) distance north. 
ward of the m mepeae the walls, nich at of aed t solidity, 
worthy 
Both these and the others in the succession-pits are 
order, and very promising. In the stove are 
Screw Pine, and many other : 
of Newcastle, oO made <apnearmnne 99 additions to it, and en. 
larged the house seo park, under the superinte! 
a anidscape yet amg After the Pose: s decease the estate was 
Lord Clive, who, when setting out on his last 
voyage oe haa. gave instructions ‘to ewe: another celebrated 
lan «gardener, after he old h i 
aad waned 
assistance of the best landscape.gardeners of the last last century it, 
8 now, indeed, a regal place, worthy of the favour and atari 
of a a ptr nd and a his Majesty Leopold, cig 
um ~R. F. 
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Rebielos. 
A Dictionary aes“ ce, Literature, and Art; compris 
ing pi History, er and Scientific Principles 
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ALTHOUGH not very tases maleine with the subjects 
considered i in our columns, we nevertheless may be per- 
So 
5 
f the greatest difficulties which a genera 
finde in gee ey ce ha cussions upon technical sie 
however Sa tced the desire of the writers may hav 
h 
intrados ; the er talks 7. ah hepatic affec- 
tions, and syncope; the lawyer cannot dis ith flot- 
sam and jetsam, demise, distrin ; the 
dier must employ his gabions and fascin 
p the Now 
where is a common man to find the m meaning of su ee words? 
not in dictionaries most assuredly: it is only in ba 
pein that they are to be looked for. But the m 
a al v4 ‘encyclopedias, which are far seh 
arels e for thei It was, rast chitee a happy 
hore! which led to the = of the work before 
us, whi e can state that it. ‘falfils 
conditions required by its rea The itions are 
as bri is consistent with accuracy, and th 
mere m reat skill in th of 
sing matter; added to which, a small beau- 
aly clear type has enabled the publishers to com- 
n enormous quantity of matter into the twelve 
or thirteen hundred pages of which the volume will con- 
sist when finished. e have taken the trouble to calcu- 
late what ie G work 
n 
We select 
the work is written. 
STARCH. (Germ. starke.) “Starch 3 a h 
imate princi sof 1 
dt ch diluted, | 
dered blue by iodine. This admirable test of the presence 
of starch is not effective in hot solutions; and by boiling 
the blue colour disappears, but returns in ‘stron ong solutions 
ey cool. i 
pce gh 
sigh bciiackat ; and acquires a ae 
form of a viscid scu 
being in the form of a bal ed ‘white vow e 
ually further separated by washing in large piesa’ 4 
of water, from which it is ultimately allowed to sorte me : 
put into boxes lined wit! Bias 48 4 
into ye gate which are dried ren 
porous bricks, and afterwards éelled up in papers ‘and 
stove- dtied ; ; it is in this latter operation that the starch 
acquires that pec moe angie nar texture and fracture 
East. Ind ndian palm- 
J acrouhs a* Manihot. 
varieties of starch 
appearance, and are sald to be. pias 5 up of 
particles of soluble starch, enve 
mbrane, which 
