i 
PF Pe Pe De ET ETE CU 
1842.] THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 439 
a theory, as is evident from the weit enn eae 
to them by Meyen in his ‘¢ Physio ct ON 3 
a 
aor ns in this chapter, placed side by id; will vei 
what facility shallow people can explain things that 
E Ba eestabla:to to those who penetrate below the surface 
of the subject. Siete ng to Macaire er psa it is by 
i su 
plants, until they again have been converted into humus. 
Clover score matter which becomes humus with great 
difficu All Closer like bine eepenally Saintfoin and 
Sai ‘ies aod such excretions abundantly, and continue 43 
uch a conclusion. It is well known that many 
wh 
Saintfoin and Lucern.’”” Alas! pibong: poor farmer, who 
is to borrow the theory of his art fi om. Dr.. Liebig ’s book. 
oceed: ‘* It is evi 
ig d 
enters them only y their extremities . This extremity, whic 
is to receive nutrition, is annually leaving the. place which, 
according to his theory, is poisoned with these pretende d 
eect tha a field would be depopulated at the same 
time; but we find that it is only. single e plants that die, and | 
thus, ale ee = ae of their qualities, become 
ng 
sooner or later e are places are formed on 
the field of Clove. but bhai Pplaces do not remain gia’ 
vegetation converted into humus by thes 
n his 
thi s subject, we find, p. 153, the following proposition : 
tocbring many pla ants ‘to “complete: chy ged it is not 
sufficient to provide their different organs with the greatest 
possible supply of nourishment.” According to my weak 
Serames cits nothings is in this” eae ti ag except its 
com 
be hardly sufficient to eatatain’ sr life of the adit | 
Possibly Dr. Liebig has here confoun ded the plant with 
the field, and intended to say, that even vob some ese 
in a field attain’ their complete development, there may n 
be sufficiént nourishment for all of them, so that the geld 
does not yield the maximum of roduce. _ At p. 74, Dr. 
Liebig promises to prove that “all animal manure acts on 
vegetation ony by forming ammonia.’”’ But’at p. 154, 
where he treats of manure more copiously, he says, the 
Opinion a nec acts on plants by the nitrogen it con- 
tains, and that this matter is assimilated by the plants for 
ion. For, 
of nitrogen 
manure is so small, that it cannot be taken into account. 
At p. 74, he himself had pee the At gaat fects, 
which prove the increase of gluten in Wheat, 
is employed ; es in the ropa pages he opbeten 
all doubt, that we know no geink an Mie the gluten cs 
om anim 
excrements, and that * the spowerteretfect of this kind of 
manure can only be ascribed to the quanti ni n 
no a 
it contains.” I have oubt that Dr. Liebig, in speaking 
of this matter, applies the term 4‘ animal manure ’’ and 
. al ents,”’ in one place to solid matters, which 
contain only all ity of nitrogen, but are rich in 
salts, and in another to the fluid rahe ie on- 
tain much _nitroge pe hd all quan! f salts. 
ut my patience begins s to be mee and so, I fear, 
does that of my reader, I shall, therefore re, quit Dr. Liebig, 
his contradictions, his confusion; his possible explanations, 
and his impossible conclusions, his phy ysiological blunders, 
chemical, 
and his chemical mistakes, with a short moral, 
and physiological lecture. [This is the: cubshenes of some | lected during the expedition f Capt. Beechy, from the 
long ae for which Chinese Seas, fr the Sandwich Islands, from Califor- 
The ostrich, says the fable, hides = hen _— nia, “Chili, and New Holland, 3/. 13s. 6d.; Deppe and 
when Sarited, thi nking that what it sees no s not. | Schiede’s extensive Herbarium, chiefly Mexican plants, 
na former occasion, Dr. Liebig cnsuccesuly “denied above 1,000 species, 21/.; Hartweg’s Mexican plants, 
the existence ‘of the fungi of fermentation; he‘now thinks | comprising from about 500 specimens, 107. ; 
to proceed with more prudence by not cakings& Gotisn of | Gillies’ South American plants, chiefly from Men- 
them. But, sir, you are much too late. Every person, | doza, containing nearly 4,000 species, 520. ; Afzelius’ Herb- 
who has a good microscope, knows that they exist and | arium of Mestors Africa, chiefly from Sierra Leone, 
are composed of cells. It would have been wiser to attack | about 400 6s.; a large collection of 
them, for your silence may induce people to think you | East Indian plants, ‘prineipally r from Bombay and West- 
ignorant of their existence. Two substances are required | ern India, 107. ; mall collection of North id ghee: 
to produce fermentation in the most simple cases, namely, nts, by Nuttall, Baldwin and. 
a solution of sugar and yeast. The product is alcohol othera, includi many species "fro ve 
ic aci 3 mai 50 
; an the lat be' 
ases and acids had been decomposed into their rar Orrg Roxburgh’s Herbarium, from 2,000 to 2,250 specimens 
tuents ; the law of saturation could never have been dis- | from the say Archi niger at and Continent India 
ehiezed otherwise. . Now, then, for the problem of | 34/.;.. Professor Pallas’s . Her ene 488 ae a ve 
yeast. e know. tolerably well the nature of sugar | 2, 000 species, 5, 490 3 a large coll tion aes 
and water, as far as regards their constituents; but as Nep aul, by Hamilton, about 500 epee ‘oh (this sw 
for yeast, do you know anything of that, Dr. Liebig? | plied the eee Professor Don’s Flora of Nepaul) ; 
cere me é : ete 
body ora r co 
compound; and if the last, did you ascertain what | tion of Som og mere by Mr. A. Menzies, in Vancouver's: 
the elements are of which it' is composed, how they are | voyage round the globe, 6 
ombined, and how far 
> 
combined, each aw tes: to the pro- 
ducti ion? You have not ! 7 A“ wae a and Hortioult liural Society, ween 
men che ; 
empt tovestablish the theory of a process, one halt pp ht a the farherance ¥ fp: ete rp 
3 im? Th ture. At the conclusion eeting, i 
ng 
e| possible! Matters containing nitrogen are among he | that a society should be pitientin a 
ental eg jon of yeast kel ie 
chan: 
pellation, and under the patro’ 
Governor. 
o they undergo in forming yea’ 
explain the remarkable fact, that ferment which is entirely | , gar of the Times.—Among the many indications of 
austed much resembles wood g fondness for flowers, is the opening a shop 
. y : ~ | in in Conduite by Botts Harding, who styles himself 
fore destitute of nitrogen? Whence is derived this woody | 47, hand rr 
r ith thus unexpectedly? Here now we, i 
poor, ignorant vegetable physiologists apply to chemistry ng of the Italian Scientific Association.—It is 
for assistance. Since you cannot answer us, permit me tiiaged that this fail a take place at Padua, on A 15th 
to read you a short physiological lecture:—Cells in plants of September next. 
are only formed where sugar or gum occur, and a sub- Casia hir. cag LB ‘understand that Mr. Wailes, 
stance containing nitrogen ; this nitrogen forms nuclei, Newcastle-on- so fortunate as. to flower 
and afterwards changes the sugar or gum altogether into | this beautiful New Getland aut It has fine blue flowers, 
fibrous matter (faserstoff); the cell being completed, it transparent ‘Tike Agapanthus Lager and although fu- 
afterwards grows only by distention. In wort exist all gitive, most say fe while they It. was raised from 
the material conditions required for the formation of cells; seeds sent to Captain James Mange, Jew m the. 
the other conditions we are unacquainted with. When | Vasse-River, by Mrs. Molloy, a lady enthusiastically 7 fond 
the yeast, which originates in the wort, is examined by @ of flowers, and a most valuable fee: Berner of Captain 
microscope, cells are found somewhat large and frequently Mangles. 
connect i ch other; with care, the ocess = ; 
of their increase may be perceived. Such cells, at first, GARDEN MEMO RAD Uy re ae? 
always consist of the nucleus containing nitrogen; besides it T. an * Nursery, Sawbridgewo: : boist 
which there frequently appear other smaller kernels in the s and driving showers have destroyed ihe be petty 
interior of the cells, which are otherwise filled with clear, forward Rose blooms; but shoul iter prove 
watery juice, Such cells may easily be broken by pres- foronmmebia, pepsponee - ney tp a “i 
sure; when aa contents come out, a small empty bag | ment occasioned by their myn sme manure, the height of their 
mains. As soon as the wort no longer contains matter | perfection, ing the havoc made, there. were still 
capable of maintaining vegetation, the formation of yeast | MABy M30 ae ? ne mabe Moss cant gar Riphee 
. When much alcohol has beet formed, this renders | this class, which struck us as being either,.mew or : 
"vegetation fii ponaible: and wine ceases to’ ferment. When | good. Angelique, reddish. blush, . ct “habit erect and dis- 
prcap bec ae washed with distilled stant ee cme none a wy raga er Bg oe : wage Forcing - 
- 
5 
0 a pow an agate mortar, an 
wate alcohol, eis ., there remains fibrous matter ‘Royal (raised from seed by Mr. Rivers), crimson p 
act | with very distinct 
red, HB re 
pink, not double;: amg h carmine, eh t, and very 
double; Pompone feu, the Luxembourg, but smaller ; 
and a:substance containing nitrogen. 7 purposes are | rancel, deep red — i Tose, se, compact calyx co wep p> Segoe of a 
€ i i free 
ees a — agar whose 
oso one iaaeex om il wlish 2 bush—this is a good variety for forcing ced ete 
venera e ten Ps ope, will soon*publish a’) bus a ng 5. : a 
son corre ysis of janes isbaiole some but not ‘bright purplish crimson, many the flowers this year are nearly 
ye _ Seinen may be able a = theory of fermen- | calyx are frequently converted into leaves, which give to the 
seta which shall nf least have some utility. Till that wag me and novel appearance. Provence :—Liliacea va~ 
eonieen this te 9 i prone: that | een pardon, ee ee eee 
iclogy;and -cvetra little Roch¢ deep rose; Sylvain, deep rose, good c ys 
4 
a: 
et 
4 
ud 
° 
e 
az 
u may learn a good deal of ; Spotted, carmine spotted with white; Triomphe a’ “4 
emistry, from the physiologists. —M. J. Sci berhier light vivid crimson. Rosa GAntica: denotes, “iss rs 
‘ale of Mr. Lam 's Herbari This celeb 
coll n just disposed of by public auction. 
onsidering that it was in bad condition—brok: d, 
and in great confusion, the sum it produced (11707.) is 
msiderable. lowing are the prices which some 
: Si 
» Flora Trinitatis, Flora Mauritiana, 150 species ; and 
is Flora Capensis, 100 UP. 157. 10s, Mathew’s Peru- 
ae plants, collected chiefly ohms Cordilleras, =~ 
» rosy r cu 
eblouissant, bright hier sheriet gy ee p bari ‘brilliant 
vid. Hysrip PRovaNcE: —Celinette, large. 
tted 
7° 
;900 lants, 
Sandwich Islands, most of them attached ‘to paper ot na- 
yi ‘0 far manufacture, and containin between 
1 
a ar ~ ars ; ae diere’s New Hol- 
land plan bad collect n, 3%. 5s.; a large collection 
of rh oe in 60, small fo lio eadiel: supposed to be rok 
tion of . P s Herbarium, and containing betwee 
3,000 and 3,500 apbebinn i 12%, 128.3; a lange auotae 
of Péruvian plants, comprising a-portion of the Ruiz and 
Pavon collection, and cont aining about 2,! 500 specimens, 
ar sed "ty Mr. 
1,500 an 1.750 tis 270 
Brit Mee m) ; 
can plants, can dag ‘ “Bali 
abet 1,500 shee 
