* 
508 
THE GARDENERS 
CHRONICLE. 
[JuLy 30, 
“3 4 ? A 
lieation. di 
4 
reeeracamine 
per wy, a mould will - fs ean 30 sed cent. of 
and which, in if s a huss 3b 
able result. ut as most sorts of it do not contai Ere than 
100,000 parts of it are composed of- 15 my Ps aa 000 hee per wo will be required. s th 
52,910 » __ Bilica quartz. readiness with whic n be had that wil \ determin ne 
31,269 » _ bumic a the shanty to be us <a ade one will first c ve tap 
10,200 yy _ coal of baie nus and vegetable remains. | how much the af Rive _ so many car S$, or 
2,312 ss = combined partly with humic pps sade of pounds upon an acre, will cost, for the sake 
acid, but mostly with si of seeing whether the advantag: a be derived from it be 
1,554 " protoxide and oxide of iron, combined proportionate to th y of carriage and labo 
with humic and phosphoric ae The leng ing which the effects of the 
0,044 ” protoxide of man “—— partly com- | mould may continue, cannot be easily determined, as it 
bined with humic acid. epends on its qualit d the quant ms 
0,632 e lime, mostly vonabi ned with sulphuric | quantities improve the soil after eve 
acid, but A chs mixed with the coal) whilst small quantities act but for a npatatiat rahiitt 
of hu time. 
0,146 » magnesia, Partly combined with ‘ape The most efficient mode is to: carry the mould on such 
or mixe' the coal of hum ld e summer-fallowed, a Pa pe that case the 
0,870 is igs near id, partly cigibiaed with most certain mixture with the surface is effected; which, 
calear rth, partly mixed with wever, is always gnc easier tha wre manuring 
coal “vr ped’ vegetable remains. | with clay, § and, or loam. Before the mould is ploughed 
0,045 - gears 28 acid, combined with oxide | in, it is to te well 4 ected eich § “y ve the advan- 
AE tage of causing the se s which may be contained 
0,008 is a sak: it to germinate, and of “nda g the protoxide of ir 
0,010 » poteuin; mostly combined with silica, | contained in every sor ould soone ov ti) sheers into 
and traces of substances composed of | the oxide. It is this protoxide which produces the sharp- 
itrogen. ness cri th is so distinctly vorratrediees: in 
100,000 parts. some sorts of mould. It is als — ageous to scatter it 
If an approximate calculation is made of the quantity of | in winter over ng rye, a harrow it in e case 
humic acid which is combined with the bases (alumine, | in the spring, and roll it. The date er niigewii, is, how- 
ganese, and iron), it will be seen, that this mould con- | ever, not ei le with a mould which is very light an 
tains at least 15,000 parts of acid, acting as | rich in hum uch mould is etter applied © hen the rye 
. Tothis is.to be added, that it contained neither | is a tea ‘tithes tome otherwise it may be carried away by 
lime, humate of potass, or soda, nor any sub- | the 
tance containing nitrogen ; another reason why ri ontains a considerable quantity of vege etable re- 
could not yield a good e is, that it contained a ins Tepascoen osed, it is always advisable to roe i. 
uantity of humic protoxide of iron n a Magdeburg | at first into perme and then into larger heaps, for th 
of y soil, about 50,000 f mould were | sake of so tn it, allowing it to decompose in that way : 
carried, which was thus ~o farted Ww 80 Ibs. tensa and a half; and this will be still bette 
humic acid, S00 es Rit be of h 
Ae 
Ibs. of lime, 74 Ibs. vad snide, 435 lbs. of eulphori pete 
22 Ibs, phosphor acid (provided we assume that phos- 
phate of iron in tities be a nutritive website); 
4 lbs. of sainialis peed and 5lbs. of potash. Ss ca 
it will be it was spew the humic acid 
mould which was ofany us 
of this 
se the great scab 
paar ‘the other substance 
mould was efore, as we said before, o Ne little use; 
so much Go al Goesooa any ot manure 
requl 
“Winds of mould which 
us hills, 
hin: aa 
p- 
= p. ce. phosphate of lime, } p. c. potash, yy n 
t, mains containing “nitrogen. 
Bs is clear that such 
eaten rents they 
A 
ny free 
consequently act very differently from t 
ver mou ns a great quantity of free humic 
acid, it must, if it is ‘to Penile ood results, be either ~~ 
ee base 
°o 
"Oo 
i=) 
i=] 
umic aci 
“moul 
it plough 
been spread, because, if left on the surface, ho oxygen of 
the sir wil have tne to change aie contact, the 
e. My experience omy taught 
: ers ijotied te for several years if such 
eld a —s ae 
atleast. It ange therefore, to 
ae 2 per of 
Ke of effecting this with 100, 000 lbs. 
of mould contain only 12. 13 p- ce of | c, 
of sand. 
f | a year 
pi anit if it be: mixed with lime, marl, ashes, or 
du 
ung; or concocted into compost, as I shall state 
immedi mice 
Th mould or mud, in which there are many infusorial 
rg stn will be very efficacious, is probable, but has 
not been asc experimentally. ex- 
pected that such mould will yield by its decomposition, 
either ~~ ee r ad a’ i 
nia i because inf 
other antioels, contain a reat quite of nitrogen. 
ENTOMOLOGY.—No. XXX. 
TETTIGONIA SPUMARIA, the Froth-fiy—In April or 
patches of a white froth 
froth rae 
wi 
middle of June, or earlier 
Mori thes 
leaves PF 
Aphides, 
the form of frothy aaa Bode at once protects their 
b fi of pe vy the cold at 
night, and the attacks ofp aad c flies. This froth is 
also frequently termed pes B fat vapittle ty ‘country peobite. 
from its becoming conspicuous about the time when the 
cuckoo arrives in this count 
at variation in the colour and. mark ings o 
er black one with white 
; * = 
ean na 
cal species, which dT. epan les of a 
dirty yellowish white, “icky punctured a — clothed with 
the hea ular 
che tem, and two 
is 
two prs oval joints ir 
the 
Tipe 
black lines radiating | 
there are two black dots 
“ thorax and scutellum 
eyes ; 
9 poe re, with several horigontal 
n each side, like a comb, an 
on the point of the ‘oretealt 
of ( # 
this is sae a che ck to them ; but if it has 
is figured and de scribed. 
Leaf: 
elytra 
slightly reteaated at the a 
ttled with ochre. 
ti i 
nt and eridescent, with a few dark nervures, and s 
fused with bro at the base; th legs are rather 
short, the hinder being the longest and formed for leap 
ing ; the hinder tibie have tw in he outside, 
nd the apex is fur wi cor of spines all 
tipped with black ; the feet are triarticulate, the two basal 
joints being small in the four rior, but long in the 
hinder pa argined with short black spines ; pale 
ir, and m 
velli distinct 5 claws small and black ; 
sect gives its natural length. 
the line by the in 
means - a FAP these in- 
‘* have committed 
with the hand; 
enemies of oy Frot 
ich has been detected 
e of the natur 
orytes campestris,* a sand-wasp, wh 
conveying the pupe of T. spuma 
in banks, to feed its ee 
each bein 
i ppin 
nem Ao it is their gaity—that 
h and able to perform its featio ons. 
Shagetl are allowed to 
medy must be applied in ti An plicatio 
sent known is of little use, if ‘et applied until the whole 
of the leaves are covered wi e insect ; for if even the 
srs . ie bi , the leaves will have been too much 
inna the autumn comes on, when they 
the Red Spider first makes its mi. tan the 
0 be well washed once in the ere and 
e evening, with t inge or 
It is of no use merely to let a woes - 
re u 
I think it m ave been owing to the difficulty in 
ing it opany out of doors. It will be of little service if 
s merely scattered on the oe of the leaves, for the 
reason which has - been g calm day should be 
poe: for the purpose, aiid pr aoe side of the leaves 
yell as the anes ee Be ems, and the wall, sould be 8 
over ; sky 
there 3 is little doubt th 
the a and out of doors, in time; an 
directio 
Spider really is, are ranovel 16 page 164, Vol. I., where it 
o the amateur for many 
ng to fall, I 
sweep th selves, 
ad of mixing them with the other rakings of rabbis ; 
* Curt, Brit, Ent., pl, and fol. 524, 
ria iets its cells, formed 
icola. j 
ulty aig tend pee ey b attending to the above — 
ea of know what the Red 
