‘THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 
[Avcust 6, 
524 
_eeeentientietinntiee =} 
the Hg! sensible business- | cast-iron bridge, where the iron — eerenee the leasti | it to chemical eee and found that 100,000 parts are 
fa} and interesting Pan Hea ike first introduced | expansion, the natural con f the orption of ~ composed 
a rg he notice of the Seciety of Arts, and whose} moisture was the need up of ithe 7 saickt ; but this ,140 rer of very fine eg sand and silica, 
a 1 ty rve to be bette r known if néver occurred where the log pavement was held together ae 405 ee alum 
early ac babk aia all that i a strip of common stone so ent. 3,300 5 peril and mepharile of iron. 
reference to the apoialty of this plan to the streets of | ** I think it also necessary to cbserv oe although = 0,200 e oxide of manganese 
referen I will, occasion, endeavour to ex- | above-mentioned streets, in which ots pe “Sey hay er ie lime. — 
dgment, ‘the d effects anticipated | been made, are places of so great %' at s con- ; magnesia. 4 
plain why, in my jo sm : structed u pon the macadam princ aah were a na in- 0,187 . potassa, mostly combined with silica, 
goo 
b Mr. _ Heard have not yet | been realised, and describe a 
4 property, 
and st sain I ‘consider, to any oF all the patente. —A. 
The co 
Oci.6, 1832. 2 It is the duty t figat b ietinonfe in foreiga 
lands ments that hay 
people, unknown 
the egmeral benefit of his Ee the | mars 
“ Under e the itberty of soliciting 
rts, &c., the fol- 
hitherto t tony 
perfect that has ever come under 
person will deny that i si t is fesinable to have the streets of 
wood, various schemes have 
n cou 
been adopted fo or the > formation of roads of that material ; 
but hitherto they have alwa en made by laying logs 
el to, or at right wtiagl with, the sides of 
the way ; these logs were easily d soon cut 
is? by the horses’ hoofs, and ac Sig eee out of order, no 
ibly be . The improved road, on the 
contiuy, will last five or six y i 
for the -high p 
might be sdapin with the “ema advantage ; ing 
a plan of considerable x national utility, samo is ae 
for this ‘purpose e duty free. 
ee The following instructions _ be found sufficiently 
practical and explicit o the construction of 
roads on this principle :-— 
“1, Prepare a hard and level bed of gravel or broken 
» covered sand and well rolled, about nine inches 
oan than the intended surface of the road. 
“2. Take logs of timber of sufficient diameter, and, by 
means Ot er aacein oe saws, cut them into eq 
wf Thewe must now be passed under a 
* bar ea 
angular st stathy, Which Gale Gl te outside of the 
eel sta 
and leaves ‘little more than the heart of the tree, in the 
“4, Two sides of this block must now be word tii ree 
inches deep with an inch borer, for the reception of a 
laying the blocks of wood and driving the 
y, and the surface of the road soon 
autiful c potas appearance, somewhat 
inlaid floor; and the fibres of the need 
ice is completely filled u 
in addition to the advantages already mentioned of 
dusty or a this road is dag vt in- 
poin smo 
that wt horse will pets cy 
never being either 
ferior to a rail-road in — ss 
asserted 
| of the coal of 
dung, or ashes; in ae words, to make compost of it 
— with regard to 
r| to mud. 
dth), but two strips, each sufficiently 
wide for two carri legen to drive abreast, the original stone 
pavement being left in the intermediate spaces.. 
communication, that 
bound 
noenird of a ie ts By of the wood, from 
absorption of m e. I was this opin 
by the swelling, es “of a small ice of foot pavement on 
om- 
eavy carts used in Ragisnd 
oat durability, Loa no excessively heavy loa 
par 
re would not 
5 
B. 
a 
a 
of London) would be 
perenne passing through the streets of the city.’ 
ON ORGANIC MINERAL MANURES.—No. II. 
y Proressor Cuares SpreNGEL (translated from the 
German). 
ed from page 5 
Mud pi’ oa Ditches. —The mud of pein 
and ditches <A contains 
so much humus as mould, and 
generally does not possess so i stances 
as the latter, because the saline substances, easily soluble 
ond or 
as no escape, and is situated in a locality where, 
along with the water, excrementitious materials can be 
d to it, then it is obvious that such mud will be of 
owever, whether 
it to nstance, 
d as manure wit 
near a farm, and use 
pe = EF of it consisted of— 
75, — - quartz. 
eves ” 
3,360 - proxi and protoxide of iron. 
5,548 ” lim 
0,430 rr pa esi 
0,280 9 oxide of 1 manganese. 
0,150 0 potassa. 
0,058 Rs common salt. 
0,625 pe suiphrusio acid, combined with lime. 
0,897 Pa — acid, combined with lime 
iron. 
0,490 uaa acid, —. with potassa, 
lime, and m 
5,000 i coal of hiss 
0,548 “ organic remains, containing nitrogen. 
3,160 i carbonic acid, combined with lime. 
100,000 see 
h substances 
produced a very ect, for the soil was not deficient 
in humus, and oo rendered the ground for many years 
very productiv 
eile? ste of pond mud, the water of which flowed 
away, ace ema on the other hand, duct net 000 parts— 
88,000 part: of pote qu 
0,480 “ umina. 
0,133 +‘* — peroxide and protoxide of i 
0,358  ‘* © lime, mostly combined with silica. 
0,720... .*¢ ri also combined with silica. 
gypsu 
= eoraine, "combined with silica. 
common one 
traces of phosphate of 
10,579 parts of humic acid nas stil of humus. 
100,000 parts. 
Th ho aed Ye all fertility of be soil to humus, 
ight have asserted that this sort of m 
mig would manure 
better than the former but in reality it produced little 
eff tion of even 100,000 Ibs + per acre was 
y remarke 
At times, the tied of ponds contains a great qumtlty of 
emer of iron, in which case same process is 
been stated in regard of mould. Suc h 
enerally, much coal of h 
and 
humus, i 
The more seeds of e mud contains, the longer it 
in eapa in —_ all which has been eed 
o mould, may be also applied 
Sede uch thereof is to be used on every acre of land, 
and how long. its effects hed eatin, depend on the pro- 
portion of its manuring substan nces. 
ie = e Seer val aera pen manure, 
ore especially if m posi 
in such rakes” oie bere 
3, oe — sort of mud, which accumulates at 
the mouths of rivers, is Grech ohn totes le during low 
tides, ia he niees to ade eee and pastures. — As 
0,032 =~ common salt. 
0,610 * phosphate of lime, and a little phos- 
ate of iron. 
0,390 ,, gypsum. 
9,200 ‘a humic acid, combined with alumina, 
iron, lime, and magnesia. 
3,000 Pe organic substances, composed of nij- 
trogen. 
6,426 a 
carbonic acid, combined with lime 
and magnesia. 
100,000 parts. 
This mud contained a great quantity of fragments of 
marine shells, whence the gr reat proportion of carbonate of 
i 
used upon 0 urg acre of land ; 
soil of thi ne is enriched by 3,105 Ibs. of lime, 1,950 
s. of magnesia, 93 lbs. of potassa, 16 lbs. com 
305 Ibs. of phosphate of lime, 195 Ibs. of gypsum, 4,600 
8. of organic remains con- 
s explains the cause of the great 
8 
after the ines of sea-mud eet gras 
will make their appearance. When applied © fields, vee 
fine tag will be grown, which is said not to be subject to 
mi 
4. OF rudd of ae Bom ted Fields or Highways.—In 
many countries i sual to collect the water from the 
— of slopitg: fel, or which flows down from much- 
eep reservoirs, for the sake ‘of its 
es. As soon as 
or or as in that case the mu 
h,and soda. But although in this c 
valuab le rhea, it is of little or 
t is 
lt 
tains much provanide of iron (derived fr 
orse-shoes). If this a aleted, a field may 
ras pak its applicatio 
5. Mud from om streets in towns.—In the nelghbosrnns 
large towns, the mud or sweepings of streets afforda kind 
of manure of fe value as i ll underst in Bel- 
gium. Ther 
containing 60, 
do llars ; whilst i in many towns in 
paid every year for getting rid of it. 
bish of buildings, a 
ist = effica cious ma ue account of the great 
f it is advisable repare 
sath ore ee eR she to put it in large heap 
a) mots sten oe if it it > Wit ee urine, i 
all bro rthenware, stones, & 
ing fo; e, will be completely os ty and fi 
conveyed on the land, where it is best adapted for sine 
dress essing. Wi 32 
sh aia raffic and many vfevins are gener on, and w 
case if it contains var refuse of dyers’ manufacto 
&e., i in which ther n saiekd mineral substances, 
noxious to vegetati 
6. Rubbish of Farm yards ga the yards of farm- 
houses, where carts and wagons draw earth is always 
to be found which consists of aa Sci ty vegeta 
remains, similar substanc 
mains, and 
- at intervals, and either nee oh a top-dressing on mea~ 
la the heap of compost ; it 
aslty contains seeds of weeds. 
(To be continued.) 
ON revising urna ta 
Tue great improvement 
the last few years in this ibe of plants, i 
ti : 
they canno in maintaining that 
patie tarver which they nave already acquir 
| The principal requisites tow et ae 
hich has been effected — 
reenh 
high place in the 
