1842. ] 
THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. 
853 
yipens from the middle to the end of October. In 1840 
its flavour was very high and delicious; in og ' cg poor 
This season ther been n 
e has 
This Pear, which, acc ording Fas ee French 
catalogues, ‘was to keep till ay is now ripe, “ eth 
to bea y:, g00 melting Pear.— 7. Rivers, Jun. 
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of © water eal degree 
an ice-house salt is thrown upon the 
part of 4 “inimediately melts ; and all that which melts, 
time upon 
ut 
h dw ecome equalised with that in im- 
te co the melting water; but the latter 
having partly disseminated itself through the whole mass, 
becomes partially e, its freezing point will be 
lo d in proportion to the quantity of salt used. After 
these sudden s have taken place therefore, the dif- 
nce between the salted and unsalted ice- 1 be, 
that the latter is filled with ice at the temperature of 32°, 
whose fi ee point will remain 32°, while every 
ain of ice melted by — heat will give the pro- 
tection of on grains of ice sur- 
nding it; wher e former r will also be filled with 
ice exactly at its freezing point, which ~ perhaps be 3 
and every grain of ice, wh d by transm mitted 
_ heat, will also give one degree of Aas to 140 gra 
of the unmelted ice, or will counteract the tran catibed 
Continually transmitting heat to that extent. Bu 
with what velocity will that heat be enapita: f epee 
e 
ifferenc 
ou the ice mould keep twice as long in as 
e oe say that these presumed 
hey must of 
fees 
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es 
ao 
ee 
3 
or 
e sean ome 4 , Which appear 
im by intelligent gardeners, against having an 
ice-house under the shade of trees. I t suppose my 
are more likely to be right than theirs; but having a 
erOng feeling in fayou ye such ation, gg 
to state my reasons, which may induce them 
publish theirs, by whieh a means truth will be elicited. re 
the earth is warmest in summer, being heated in a great 
measure e by radiant heat proceeding from the sun, it is at 
the ice-house with the ere velocity ; it 
takes place in 
ossible. 1 
overtopped with th fares trees, "hair effects 
to shield off the rays of the sun from the 
+ be, 
earth belo ‘nd the great surface of foliage ex- 
Rae cert 
water in the form of vapour, naga in its transformati tion 
oe water to vapour, will have taken up 950° of heat in 
latent state ange Spe Bi rog preg a and ex- 
panded i nto about 1 mer vo » having 
in effect destroyed sb0° a sensible eit for aire the watery 
juices given off (which is known to 
ness 
ted dew, in- 
, must be beneficial ; pea the 
surface of the soil will bs partially ae when t 
posed ground will be quite d 6 
mere sbi ms the earth under 
whieh falls Whale aie trees are, is evaporated in a larger 
proporti on from yy urface than if it fell in an exposed 
sto me, therefore, that the best of all 
iis te de 6 a hi 
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ith earth, and planted with Ivy.—Thomas Corbett, 
encarrow. 
Fertilising Hautbois Strawberries.—Mr. Mackintosh, 
in his ‘ecalloat work on Gardening, p. 3 from 
ai 
seque The Ha aut ois as Steapbercy is inlabe: of being 
fertilised. by other and i e 0 
that the R 
ind y 
n ene shoul 
rows, two fee 
these aig crop of pre e nae oe uae 
bear until destroyed by fros pape rge pao Strachu ur 
shire 
Rust Chika uch has been said Sam inching the 
use of rust on Granda but the ey: has n 
I ‘allow th 
the 
berries w 
the be 
But that is a different affair where a who 
I fou 
sarptise, a aap rte inery 56 feet longs vith four rr Yikes 
covering the r te e largest ae ng 
about 5 inches "he iar hey w s teaiea' e 
spur system, and the rough bark had been ubwed to 
remain on the old wood for several years. en the 
fruit made its appearance, the crop was very light, and, 
of a grey russet ad although the 
nches 
sort the Black Hamburgh ; the had ee an 
offensive smell. I could see wold waite the naked ey 
but upon examining the bunches through lL micr 
eo I di arora millions of insects, h appeared 
bots the sa 
the old bark fro 
made oO 
forced, b 
e; m 
Perhaps your D 
ed in a similar way.— 
Victoria Raspberry —lI 
of seed or fruit; and, 
t of rubbish. 
Vier), which I bought of 
re et ny pa Scam out to be no cheat. —Totly. 
ser of my aU nabki a 
reply oy jar pebbedtinns at 2 as to the cause of failure 
Pella d have. 
in my beds, he arrives at the conclusion that the wood of 
which — framework of my beds was formed was kyanised. 
as not the case, and therefore that could not be the 
Neither did i the beds being 
i immediately after the 
Be = have made four 
es; ticks os of the first four I 
arts of paicsoaas “but from the others 
not be the onuse ae my failure. : have made up tw 
e spawn is working well; but what mey be 
the result heresies I am unable say—hitherto it has 
been all i 1,” have been vei 
in of the evil, 
a f 
Kept regularly at 55 deg. Latterly I have Ay vessels 
filled with st i throughout the whole len 
and raised the temperature eg., it beds 
also with hay ; since which period the Mushrooms have 
done very well.—John €, gardener, Lee ‘ 
Nitrates and Ammonia.—Comm It (chlo- 
ary, spa 
n a hot ir nitr 
at glow wit ith intense cPhge on: hence 
‘nate: rans a benscteristics, 
Tritu 
acid, when a white vapour will 
oistened turmeric paper will be reddened.— 
ae ae Manures.—The a — 
‘yrs ano, lime, soot, and s aa 
pe pitta ja esl that had dg he cope of | tatoes 
without any manure fort the four p lous yea I whi ch 
. ov otat toes ae ie the filth 
ae were the Ear 
17 rows, each te yards ag length, dressed with guano, 
roduced for bushels of 90ibs. to the bushel. 
with ae ‘ 
sige ° i 
i eau 
oe: 
Thue proving the salt and soot to be superior to guan 
nd 
the lime ~ alm ese Hoa ept that the san 
was cleaner-skinn i athe other instances, a- 
nures were all app ied ‘previously ¢ to planting the Potatoes, 
nd the soil was after sdrawn up tothem. The crop 
was tolerable, but * opinion frame manure would 
ave produced a greater increase hese dressings were 
of course put on much less labour or expense thai 
with n 
dung would have been, and in shietuapagt they possess an 
advantage over it.— F. 
To dest the On 
ion Mi ‘aggot.—T observed in a late 
Number of the Gardeners’ Chronicle some accou 
nt of the 
the means taken to pre 
Onions ioe e times during the seas t 
p was — infested by the larva of the above-mentione 
ects. He ucceeded yg ~ chee ae its r ravages by 
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mixture :—To 20 oe of soft rt added, one peck 
of lime in lumps, half a peck of soot, two gallons of urine, 
one suber rcp soap, cae one pound of flowers of is sot 
e a fresh state, as soon as the lime 
ciently piney to pass through t se of a wate <a oe : 
h ion-bed exempt from any further attacks, 
nio! 
which, in consequence of 2s continued perfec tly free from 
any insect ; and the Onio wy yan ed were not only n 
erous, iteas large an das those usually im- 
ported from Portugal. ae no ao therefore, of the 
cacy of this ator ner not only in ——— the 
ravages of the fly, but in being an excellent manure for 
the product at fine and healthy err taniany as ld 
Mosley, Rolleston Hail. 
To destroy Rats.—If your correspondent is — afraid 
of trouble or ex 
an empty igs pom a lid to it, up 
Neces Oo 
red ourselves muc 
