‘ 
+ answers well, and i is easily applic 
868 THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE. (Dec. 31, 
green manure. In Italy, the seeds of Lupines are de- equally among them. -I have ascertained, from persons | by moist rich ps at.a time when its natural habits re- 
prived by hot water, or roasting, of their germinating | who practise this mode, even about Lor ndon, that genuine | quire quite the e 
nus _ then are used for manuring sic trees, | wheaten bread may thereby be sutaaned at co! meee g 1e Pe rebe “ee ent. we ae ee to is, 
cali ey a 
&e. cb that they will be equally beneficial 
to old rote ‘aedt (?) 
(To be continued.) 
FIXING “AMMONIA. 
& I wave so frequ penshy Deen applied to by practical 
desirous a knowing how m uch. of this or that 
of ammonia, 
use 
simple, and cheap orndd mpper telah whet 
liquid ‘contains free amm The following method 
J 
" , and mix 
it into.a thin paste with alittle water ; keep half of 
| 41 b 4 J 
with three or four times its bulk of the liquid to be 
examined. If it contain any free ammonia, the liquid 
becomes immediat sy of a reddish brown colour ; the depth 
on the quantit Xe . ree prea re 
tains; upon the addition of a few drops of any a 
ammonia will be neutralised, and the turmeric oh 
st to its ougiee yellow colour. aye never recom- 
nded turmeric paper as a i 
is Waraty suitable for common use. [I find, h 
the powdered root is so convenient an indicator of 
free ammonia m Baws manure &c., that I do not hesitate 
to recommen: 
The qalee: of zany acid or other sea ae as a fixer of 
ammonia well tested in this manner ; the liquid 
must be mixed with a little of os poredered root, which it 
will imme: of the fixer, or the 
quantity y of it jreanired -” any mee of the manure, is 
known by o uch of it must be sites to bring 
back the Hes 0 yellow anaes of the turm 
root may be procured at oar he teary ; if only the 
eo 
powder on a common a ‘ike ginger.—£. Soll, 
2 oelaphewelen o COUNTRY LABOURERS. 
I am glad to find you advocating so earnestly the 
cause of the vase labourer ; = re agree 
thi that in no way could h so usefully em 
as in furrow-draining, by means of tiles or faggot-m00s, or, 
of urf. arther sug- 
mit of the water ‘ru 
— and at i weak ‘adaption bya riv whose lease 
has only five or six e known such 
drains in the n oe "Edinburgh, ral loamy soil, 
to last for veal 
drain’ thane may be mentioned as sources of 
employment peared the winter, a est old hedges, 
a , and hedge-wastes, which will 
tw 
nd 
pened previously caren and trenched. 
a: 
oF, sichnts Son Sinks Sen dead stu dd 
of the mps and dying branches 
f Sco d larch cs 
pines an es in eve on 
Wits the trunks studded with the sy Pa 
mp is already surrounded and in 
wood, yet it cannot be denied that 
would on. improve the appearance of 
ile the stum cut off would be valuable fuel 
. which I would make with a view to 
ing the cov - is, ‘that.o 
in money and = in bread. eee 8 
chp in aN 
emorial, a 
practice i in a ve 
till about the commencement of 
ther 
has always the 
stot of lite, | 
indi is consequent pe s a well fed and ft 
“piaky y t cia his work. 
hat a recurrence to corn- aym 
which is, that, ik stéad © f pur- 
ald Aes wheat, “and save it 
less cost than it can be a2 at Sev bakers’ shops 
COL 
oudon, Bayswater. 
URRE’ BOS 
Calebasse oe Beurré d’ Yelle (of re talt Marianne 
velle; Bosc’s Flaschenbi 
THE sccompunying outline represents ithe average size 
ard, and the usual form of this excellent 
o 1% inch in length, and 
atu n 
T flesh is yellowish white ery, and su 
gary, with a rich ci n flavour; in perfection in Oc- 
tober and em he tree is of vigorous growth; 
shoots light olive, with a sprinkling of large pale brown 
sp - oe remarkable for the long ellip- 
tical form of the petals, so — w that they do not 
touch each other hen byars ded. e trees bear well 
standards; in general, the + is produced singly ; 
that is, no a srester ‘from’ t - bud. Owin 
as the appearance of 
ale the name 
was also 
os 
2 
wn 
a 
° 
o 
nw 
7 
a 
o 
7 
> & 
os 
im 
oO 
mn 
co 
co 
° 
oe 
a) 
° 
ao 
tad 
> 
oO 
o 
i) 
i] 
n 
oO 
) 
P] 
©. 
a 
i 
D 
oO 
-_ 
od 
i] 
wn 
oO 
being often omitted) occasioned a n 
excellent variety and another called Calebasse, which is 
very ae a great bearer, and sweet but crisp.— 
Thom 
poe tolerably smooth, 
dar amon russet, be- 
abana pare me as the fruit 
approaches s maturity. 
Eye rather small, open, slightly sunk; 
segments of the calyx rather prominent. 
HYACINTHS IN POTS. 
As far as onelan: to planting Hyacinths in the 
de Be the di reenpee srt upon 
by Mr. Stor 
n bor- 
in pots, an 
a bed of stead beautiful flowers is comparatively smal small, I 
trust ay t a few observations re- 
garding their cultivation in pots. ts order to do this suc- 
cessfully, it is os to consider the native country an 
habits of the plant, w — which we cannot hope for 
ey -o 
(Beran 
ni ; hi ; m 
\s0 wet as He pa opt decay of fhe bulb, 6 nameauhe 
| tions 0 
udsceed 
es 
or no nour nt. is afforded. them by,pure water, 
It is, therefore, obvious that'the flowers and young leaves 
s hiefly supported by the substance’ of: their .own 
we 
bulb (stored up the previous, year);, how, the 
7 +} +} 1 +} Aahilitated: thm h 
and it is found incapable of blooming | the, next season? 
any cnses, scarcely twice the 
downwa are ¢ 
fore - ecome ‘twisted back upon themselves; they 
encoun rain 
oe force Bags ren through 
f th t. all these instances, tl 
irregular or deficient — of food, and the plant con- 
sequently su 
The bloom Salas faded, the bulbs are either thrown 
away as useless, or, having been forced ve Te by, artifi- 
cial heat, they are put into’ some cold, damp,.dark place, 
prep regi to yo cold winds i in Mareh), to m6 
f sight if intended to be preserved, they.ar 
sueiel in the see en gr a ig recover themselyes—a a 
medy worse than the dis 
To obviate these Pe snd > mre pad velgevie Hand 
beautiful roots from. peris only 
nd to or apes se gg ie to give ms ight Lee 
i and. san hich 
points. 
little leaf-mould 
atersing: apes roots. The easies 
have pots made of a ins tn shape than thos 
rstood by the accompanying 
mon use, po may be u 
drawing. By this simple 
arrangement the roots hav 
sufficient nourishment, while 
rtion, puget hover} mi 
hothouse, green eg or ee 
close to the lies ib is the moet preferable, There they will » 
re no more nor watering; and, after the leaves 
wither, they may be sorted put by until the planting 
season returns. I oints’ are attended to n 
say from experience that Hyacinths will suffer but little 
from forcing, and will flower again the next ; 
quite ‘so fin pe as at fir tS but still far better — 
oe with greater on mat under ommon hard and 
ment 
cine chilled with ion a ans of sunshine.— 
er athe GARDEN. No. one 
ever there is any ap rost. ts use 
overing the frames are delicate ‘indicators of 4 
ange of temperature, and frequently become s and 
glossy, even before the thermometer falls to the freezing 
: e, therefore, who haye not a spare thermo- 
meter to hang out in the open air, may easily bé guided 
y a pie et placed in an exposed situation 
Ne age which are fading may be cut over and 
moved e greenhouse to a cold frame or any 
ee ee eee 
sified 
ee i SS. Ms 
Se he eee 
. te See 
od er the bobin is over, put hom schol are 
mand light — 
place, where ‘they are vi pe! protected ‘eo severe frost ; 4 
ume 
in this fa raeie eee us shoots, from 
which cuttings may b 
all dead or decaying fees pod plants in cold fram 
at the prope ai ti me. ni oe q 
the disease - bcp and communicates seed to rates 4 
leaves in the sane as rotten fruit e shelves 
of a fruit-r ch pla ces should be tréely aang to 
the air when the Wweathior f is fine and mild. " 
olidays are over, out- aoe alterations may be E 
proceeded ‘with when the weather is favourable. A piece — 
f rock-work is very interesting in a gar hen it 1s 
placed in a proper be and constructed with taste. 
In some retired me rt, near a lake or stream,—or 10 O! her 
priagass, where from oe natur 
Bigg e,are 
e led to expect something of the kind,—the — 
a It would be 0 ut of q 
ear As Pe eatcal ailditgs, or 
artificial, appearance, 2° nd 
i scenery, — 
it produces is el As easing. 
chacgtee placed n 
he 
e whole. 
tha flow 
easure of ‘accompanying. 4 
