1921.] Numismatic Supplement No. XXXV. 51 
Uzbegs had agi but the terrors of religious Est tee were 
now adde the miseries of foreign invasio e Shah’s 
first care was to introduce the observances “ol the Shia sect 
into his new dominions; and, as he was met by a bigotry and 
a firmness equal to his c own, he did not aooonipligh that object 
virtues flowed, and many distinguished names were added to 
the list of the martyrs for the pure Sunni faith.’ (Jbid., 1, 305). 
The Shah commanded prayers to be recited and the Khutba 
read in Shi‘a form in the grand mosque of Herat. ‘‘ The chief 
preacher of the mosque having honestly refused to repeat the 
curses on the three companions. of the Prophet and Aisha, 
the Prophet’s wife, was dragged from the pulpit, and cut in 
pieces on the spot. Next day, the Shah sent for the Sheikh- 
ul-Islam, . . . . and attempted to bring him over to the new 
opinions. Having failed, the venerable man was condemned 
to a cruel death, in inflicting which the Shah himself is re- 
ported to have taken an active part. This persecution raged 
against recusants of every feo as long as Shah Ismail re- 
mained in Khorasan.’ (Ibid., 1,321.) On the Shah’s death, the 
Uzbegs ae invaded Khurasan, took the holy city of Mash- 
had after a sharp resistance, and retaliated by putting all the 
male inhabitants of Tus to ‘the sword and carrying off all the 
women into slavery contrary to the terms of the capitulation. 
(Ibid., 1, 457. 
n these circumstances, many eminent men of both sects 
naturally sought Sed in flight and several had taken refuge 
e Court of Ba Aba Fazl gives the names of thirteen 
ee greet men — divines, physicians and historians— 
who were his ‘courtiers and companions.” Beveridge, Akbar 
nama, Beant: I, 280-282 
With all his faults, Humayin was a man of learning and 
liberal sentiments. His father’s marked predilection ape 
knowledge and culture had descended to him. ‘He con 
tinued,”’ says Noer, “ the traditions of his house and loved even 
in the midst of all his troubles to be surrounded by poets, 
scholars and authors. It is the opinion of Nizamu-d-din 
Fazl for saying that a copy of his complete Divan existed in 
the Imperial Library. (Beveridge, Tr. Akbarnama, I, 665 and 
Addenda, p. xxix.) Hewas no bigot in religion, and Firishta 
informs us that he was “ believed to be of the Shi‘a persuasion, 
because he gave such encouragement to Kuzilbashies and the 
inhabitants of Eerak to join his standard from his earliest years, 
so that many persons of eminence in Khorassan, devotees of 
