1921.] Numismatic Supplement No. XXXV. 67 
ries of the distances between the several kingdoms’ of the 
Hindis : ‘‘ Marching from Kanoj towards the east, you come to 
Bari, 10 farsakh ; Digum, 45 farsakh ; the empire of (Shilahat, 
10 farsakh ; the town Bihat, 12 farsakh. Farther on, the 
country to the right is called Tilwat [Tirhut]....Opposite 
Tilwat the country to the left is the realm of Naipal.” (Sachau's 
Translation, I, 201). See also Elliot and Dowson, I, 56-57. 
But this does not explain why it was called Daru-s-salam, 
and there is no trace of the epithet in the historical literature. 
The prefix has been, by some authorities, read as cleItyto, 
but there is this to be said against the reading, that on most 
of the clearer specimens, only three alifs are discernible and 
not four. An immense proportion of the Sarkar of Bahraich 
was, in Akbar’s days, dense forest “‘ with scattered settlements 
of Rajpit clans here and there. It stretched far up into the 
Nepal Terai and much of it was only nominally uader Musal- 
man sway.” -(J. Beames, ‘ On the Geography of India in the 
Reign of Akbar, Subah Avadh, J.A.S.B., 1884, p. 224.) 
Bahraich, Dogon and the other towns where Musalman garri- 
sons were permanently quartered, and where the imperial 
authority had been firmly established were thus cdw¥irto,! as 
opposed to the hinterland—into which Islam had not yet effec- 
tively penetrated, and where the infidels continued to hold 
their own (uysUpyio ).2 But then the epithet appears on the 
coins only about 986 A.H., when Akbar’s faith in Islam itself 
had been seriously shaken, and he was hardly likely to parade 
it on his coins. Perhaps the initial ali/ of ew! was cut off and 
the epithet altered to ¢4-J y» ‘ House of Peace, Tranquility or 
Universal Toleration’ ( US cle ) for that very reason. 
Some copper coins of Humayiin bear the inscription 
Lovee Sir abe G sali The first half of the epithet stands in 
| «* Daru-l-Islam, Abode of Islam, is a country where the ordinances 
of Islam are esta lished and which is under the rule of a Muslim 
sovereign. Its inhabitants are Muslims and also non-Muslims who have 
‘captured that mine of heathenism, 
nath a Daru-l-Islam. Bibl. Ind. Text, II, 163. Lowe, Tr. II, 166 
2 So Badaoni speaks of the ‘‘ wy tdiyio of Goganda and Konbhal- 
mer.” Text, 228, 1. 1; Lowe, Trans. II, 233). The people of Assim are 
called gstysiy'e jes by Khafi Khan, Text II, 133, 1. 15. Shambh§ji is 
wy ps. Ibid., 11, 391, 1.9, and Deccan itself is eyyle. Ibid., 11, 
539. See also II, 255 and II, 328 
