106 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. [N.S., XVII, 
the Pahlavi books by Miller, Westergaard and Spiegel, the 
legends on coins were by no means neglected. 
‘he most important and complete works on Sasanian 
numismatics and the Pahlavi coinage of the Arab governors of 
Persia are those of Dr. A. D. Mordtmann of Constantinople. 
All his memoirs appeared in: the ‘ Zeitschrift der Deutschen 
— 
GO 
ao 
i? ¢) 
a 
=} 
ie 2) 
ee: 
@ 
bh 
S 
B 
° 
—— 
‘_S— 
oO 
oo 
er 
.g 
teat 
ee 
je) 
oO 
— 
TR 
i 
2 
= 
72] 
@O 
5 
nel 
a 
ng fr 
down to the latest coins with Pahlavi legends, struck under 
the Arab rule. His researches extended however, only to the 
first three classes of coins ; the fourth, or so called Indo- 
The legends on the coins are divided by him into eight 
classes, which follow one another almost in chronological order. 
Here it need only be observed that at first the name of the king 
with all his titles appeared on the obverse, while on the reverse 
appear in almost the same form. In the course of time (from 
Bahram IV, A.C. 388-399) the titles were shortened, and fre- 
quently only malkan malka, ‘king of kings,’ was used. On 
From a palaeographic point of view, that is, as regards the 
shapes of the Pahlavi characters, he divided the coins into 
three periods: (a) those whose alphabet is identical with that 
used in the rock mscriptions (from Ardashtr I to Narses, A.C. 
224-303) ; (b) those whose letters are intermediate in form, 
between the lapidary alphabet and that of the books (A.C. 303- 
