&X Annual Address. 
In the two Yajus Samhitas, and in one or two hymns of 
the Rg-Veda, Rudra is often worshipped in the singular. 
va. 
In the later literature, the Saivas or the followers of Siva 
have developed several systems of Saiva Philosophy, the 
Lakulisa being the earliest, the PaSupatas coming next and the 
Kasmir School coming last of all. The KaSmir School was 
founded in the middle of the 9th century, and the Lakulisa 
cannot go beyond the 6th. But these sects have absorbed in 
their works all that was best in the systems of the Hindu, Bud- 
dhist and Jaina Philosophies, and developed an Iconography and 
a system of worship which in richness surpasses all other sys- 
tems except perhaps the Tantric cults of Northern India. But 
even before the development of the oldest School of Siva cult 
the Author of Amarakosa gives forty-eight different names for 
Siva, showing how widely the worship of the god prevailed in 
India in the early centuries of the Christian era. He is now 
worshipped more in his phallic emblem than in images an 
statues in the round. Though there was some emblem worship 
in the first few centuries of the first millenium of the Christian 
era, the worship of the emblem was universalized by Vasava, the 
founder of the Lingiyata sect in the 11th century. In earlier 
centuries the images were more in evidence than the emblem. 
Even before the commencement of the Christian era Siva was 
well known and widely worshipped. Shortly after his birth Bud- 
dha was taken to a temple of Mahe8vara and Mahesvara came 
out in person and took Buddha in hisarms. Hofrath Bihler. 
when he heard that the site of the birth-place of Buddha had 
been identified, sent Rs. 800 from Vienna with instructions to 
ea Ae UE re Tee sofa | 
Sstay freura faaed aataa: | 
