1921.] The Eighth Indian Science Congress. xciii. 
A note on the preliminary study of the use of karanj 
(Pongamia pues: leaves as green manure for rice in 
Western India. d 
insufficiency of soil moisture, towards the cl th ar; ce 
the available green stuff of nitrogenous character like Karanj leaves is 
spect as green manure, Field experiments show that a profit 
g 
cent is gained by the use of these qo if they are puddled in ha 
soil before ha afer te of paddy t takes plac 
With ew to ascertain if this rind stuff can, with advantage, be 
treated sunita to - 5 gg te laboratory work was taken in hand 
beat shows that more than 33 per cent of the total nitrogen gets am- 
nified after the Soave have been steeped in water for a period o 
eight weeks. Field experiments vill be conducted very shortly to see if 
the crop shows response to suc treatment. 
Speedy denitrification was con nfirmed, also, in the soil, so much s 
that after Zt week’s time the nitrate added—more abundantly than the 
casa eaten no residue of nitrogen either in the form of nitrate, 
nitrite, or ammo 
Section of Physics and Mathematics. 
President: —J. H. Frevp, M.A. 
Presidential Address. 
Tue Upeer Arr-Opsects AND MrtHops oF RESuARCH 
IN INDIA. 
ome subject for a part of your attention this year. 
. From earliest childhood we have been so accustomed 
to the vicissitudes of weather, that we have acquired the un- 
conscious habit of taking them for granted: to most of us they 
have appeared as irresponsible as they are uncontrollable, and 
only to comparatively few has come a real curiosity with regard 
to the precise factors which govern weather. Nevertheless 
the last few years have seen a great change in the degree 0 
general interest taken in meteorology, and this has been brought 
about mainly by the war. Modern artillery is capable of very 
great precision, but precision is thrown away without a know- 
ledge of the effects of air-currents on the shell after it has left 
the muzzle of the gun, and these air-currents vary from day 
