cxxxiv Proceedings of the Astatic Soc. of Bengal. [N.S., XVII, 
‘Coccidae of Ceylon” (first part published in 1896), K. 
Escherich’s “ Termitenleben auf Ceylon ” (1911) and numerous 
papers by various authors in Herdman’s “ Report... . on the 
Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar”’ ( London, 1903- 
1906 ) and in “ Spolia Zeylanica.’’ The serial Spolia Zeylanica 
began to be issued by the Colombo Museum in 1904, under the 
editorship of the Director, Dr. A. Willey, who commenced the 
first number with an article on “The Constitution of the 
Fauna of Ceylon.” 
Turning now to the mainland of India J.G. Koenig’s 
“ Naturgeschichte der sogenannten Weissen Ameisen’’ (= so 
called White Ants) appeared in 1779; and James Anderson was 
already experimenting with indigenous “cochineal’’ insects 
when he was appointed Physician-General of Madras in 1786! ; 
but it appears that Patrick Russell was the first to publish any 
extensive Zoological work. Russell was evidently a man of 
remarkable personality with an intense enthusiasm for scientific 
research. In 1750 he joined his elder brother Alexander at 
Aleppo, where the latter was physician to the English factory. 
To this post he succeeded on his brother’s retirement in 1755. 
He made investigations on various subjects, which were trans- 
mitted to his brother for use in a revised edition of the latter’s 
gating its nature, watching its symptoms, and trying the effects. 
of various powerful medicines and different modes of treatment ” 
and thus acquired the requisite knowledge “ for writing a his- 
tory of that direful distemper” which was published in two 
volumes in 1791 under the title “ Treatise on Plague.” 
After about twenty years at Aleppo he returned to 
England, investigating the principle lazarettos of Italy and 
France on his way. 
For about nine years he practised medicine, first in 
Edinburgh and then in London. But in 1781 he gave uw 
practice in order to accompany to India his brother Claud, who 
! Love’s ‘* Vestiges of Old Madras,”’ III, p. p. 334. 
