1921.} -- The Highth Indian Science Congress. elvii 
and even South America a glacial deposit of a remarkably u 
form character in all these distant countries. Following this 
period of intense cold, which must have either destroyed all 
life or driven the inhabitants to less inhospitable climates, 
there supervened an era of peculiar earth-movements, result- 
ing in the formation of numerous fresh-water lakes by the 
subsidence of large tracts of land. The thick series of sedi- 
ments that were brought down by the rivers and deposited in 
these lakes are known in India as the Gondwana System of 
rocks. In these sediments are found buried numerous remains 
Scistod during the successive ieee epochs from the een 
Carboniferous till the Lower Cretace 
The geologists further tell us that ton ards the close of the 
Cretaceous era an enormous tract of country, of which the 
ferous deposits of lacustrine or re teen ah, ise kno s the 
Inter-Trappean Beds. These sedimentary beds are, as Pro 
Ww dia expresses : “valuable as furnishing the history of 
“again and again migrated to the quiet canteen (Wadi 
1919, p. 197). 
The fossil remains of the plants that have lived in these 
en since the dawn of the Tertiary era have been discovered 
in a series of deposits whose outcrops are widely scattered. 
They have been found in the peninsula of India in Sind, Guja- 
rat, Travancore and along the east coast. In the extrapenin- 
sular area they occur in Burma, the N.W. Himalayas and 
Baluchistan. 
INDIAN FOSSIL FLORAS. 
We w to a consideration of the more impor- 
tant a ‘of vegetation that flourished during the successive 
geological epochs in this part of the earth’s surface 
I. Precambrian. 
Quite recently certain fossils discovered in Indian rocks 
Goddapid: regarded as of Cuddapah age have been 
oh referred to the genus Cryptozoon (Vreden- 
burg 1921), which is already known from Pre-Cambrian and 
later rocks in North America and Australia. The name Crypto- 
zoon is ar a for the specimens are believed to calea- 
