1921.] The Eighth Indian Science Congress. exciii 
coming decade may be expected to witness important revolu- 
tions in the annual output of iron and steel, manganese, copper, 
load, zinc and possibly other metals. 
But the small mine-owner in India as a class has not yet 
oe come to appreciate to any degree the inti- 
seadt mind o@net. (tere relation between geological conditions 
and the occurrence of ore-bodies and other 
useful mineral deposits. To that extent therefore, private eco- 
nomic surveys (with the exception of the few great under- 
emerging, and that the methods of minin pursued in many 
cases, even in regard to some of the most important deposits, 
have been pronounced to be primitive and ruinous to the 
_ The owes ye _— They are needed to expand the resources in 
ing and technical (oa) py the exploration of fresh areas and by 
experts ; industrial 4 eee . > 
qeoligints. un" the deeper mining of existing fields to investi- 
promising mineral deposits have not yet been thoroughly in- 
. vestigated and reported on by experts. But above all there is 
a demand for mining and technical experts to solve the problem 
of our hitherto neglected sulphidic ores, to find avenues for 
which nowadays form an accompaniment of these metallurgi- 
cal processes. : : 
It is hardly necessary to point out the economic benefits of 
states. Besides being of direct utility in matters relating to 
prospecting and mining of minerals, Tadv: 
will prove beneficial in many hydrographic and engineering 
