July 5, 1895.] 



SCIENCE. 



15 



In the Atlantic Monthly, Mr. Percival 

 Lowell, in the third of a series of papers on 

 the planet Mars, takes up the subject of the 

 canals and discusses their artificial appear- 

 ance. 



The death is announced, in Underhill, 

 near Matadi, on the Congo, of Mr. E. J. 

 Glave, the African explorer. 



William C. Williamson, LL.D., F. R. 

 S., emeritus professor of botany in Owens 

 College, Manchester, died at London on 

 June 23rd, at the age of seventy-eight years. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS. 



Haevaed Univeesity has this year 

 awarded 664 degrees distributed as follows: 

 A. B., 363; S. B., 24; M. D. V., 10; D. D. 

 M., 17; M. D., 65; LL. B., 76; D. B., 6; A. 

 M., 85; Ph. D., 16; S. D., 3. 



At a meeting of the board of trustees of 

 Cornell University, June 20th, the following 

 assistant and associate professors were pro- 

 moted to full professorships : H. S. Gage, 

 anatomy, histology and embryology; E. B. 

 Tiechener, psychologj^; J. E. Creighton, 

 logic and metaphysics ; G. W. Jones, mathe- 

 matics ; R. C. Carpenter, experimental en- 

 ginering; C. L. Crandall, civil engineering; 

 W. F. Durand, marine engineering ; H. J. 

 Eyan, electrical engineering. John H. 

 Earr was made associate professor of ma- 

 chine design. 



To meet the needs of the recent reor- 

 ganization of Columbian Universitj^, it is 

 proposed to collect $75,000 to be expended 

 at the rate of $15,000 a year. Of this 

 amount $27,500 has been subscribed, includ- 

 ing $5,000 each from Gardiner G. Hubbard, 

 Eugene Levering and S. W. Woodward. 



The graduating classs of Cornell Uni- 

 versity contained 363 students. The A. M. 

 degree was conferred on 33 candidates, Sc. 

 D. on 6 candidates and Ph. D. on 13 candi- 

 dates. 



At the commencement exercises of Smith 



College, on June 18th, it was announced 

 that two sums of $5,000 each had been 

 given to the college by donors whose names 

 were withheld. 



At Amherst State College L. S. Metcalf 

 has been appointed professor of mathemat- 

 ics, physics and engineering and G. E. 

 Stone professor of botany. 



Union College celebrated the one hun- 

 dredth anniversaiy of its foundation on 

 June 28th. 



At Williams College George A. Hunter 

 has been appointed assistant in biology and 

 Willis J. Milham instructor in physics. 



Mes. Julia A. Ievine, who for a year has 

 been acting president of Wellesley College, 

 has accepted the office of president. The 

 degree Litt. D. has been conferred on Mrs. 

 Irvine by Brown University. 



De. v. Keies, of Freiburg, has been ap- 

 pointed to the chair of physiology in the 

 University of Leipzig, vacant by the death 

 of Ludwig. 



De. ISTietzki has been appointed full pro- 

 fessor in the University of Basel, and Dr. N. 

 U. Assing has accepted the professorship of 

 mineralogy in the University of Copen- 

 hagen. 



De. Eenst Mach, now professor of physics 

 in the University of Prague, has accepted 

 (according to The Open Court) a professor- 

 ship of the history and theory of inductive 

 science in the University of Vienna. 



De. M. Eschenhagen, in charge of the 

 Royal Magnetic Observatory at Potsdam, 

 has been promoted to a professorship. 



CORRESPONDENCE. 

 topogeaphic methods. 

 Geneeally' speaking, sketched details of 

 topography wiU compose the largest part of 

 a map, and the question arises: How are 

 such interpolations best made to produce ac- 

 curate as well as uniform and artistic re- 

 sults ? 



