July 5, 1895.] 



SCIENCE. 



ator which indicated mountains ; that the 

 canal system of Schiaparelli was generally 

 confirmed, as well as the duplication of a 

 number of the canals. 



Excellent work was done by the observers 

 at the Lowell Observatory Flagstaff, Ari- 

 zona, in detecting additional canals and 

 delicate details. 



Some of the results of Mr. Lowell's ex- 

 pedition to Arizona have been published in 

 the Astrophysioal Journal for May, 1895. 



Evidence has been obtained that at times 

 vast areas are densely obscured by clouds. 

 Several observers agree in noting that actual 

 changes have taken place since 1877. 



Professor Campbell, of the Lick Observa- 

 tory, made observations of the spectrum and 

 has fou^nd no Hues due to an atmosphere on 

 the planet Mars. 



This is in opposition to other evidence. 

 Campbell's apparatus was more powerful 

 than that used by the other observers. 



The new satellite of Japiter is so small 

 and its proximity to the parent planet is 

 such that the satellite can be measured only 

 in the largest telescopes. 



Barnard was able to make at the Lick 

 Observatory observations which make a 

 good basis for a more accurate determina- 

 tion of the orbit. The periodic time is ll"* 

 57'" 22^.618 ± 0^013. The orbit is eccentric. 

 Tisserand has shown that the major axis 

 should make a complete revolution in about 

 five months. Barnard prefers the name 

 Sateinte V. 



Barnard sees on Satellite I duskj^ poles 

 and a bright equatorial belt. These obser- 

 vations seem to explain the ellipsoidal and 

 double appearances reported by other ob- 

 servers. 



DOUBLE STAES. 



The British Eoyal Astronomical Society 

 presented in February, 1894, its Gold 

 Medal to S. W. Burnham, formerly of the 



Lick Observatory, for his discoveries, 

 measures and general work on Double Stars. 

 In volume II. of the Publications of the 

 Lick Observatorjr is given a great propor- 

 tion of Burnham's recent work. 



At the Georgetown College Observatory 

 experiments were made with a 12-inch re- 

 fi-actor. Fifteen wide pau-s were photo- 

 graphed. The results of the measures were 

 not encouraging. 



During the year Prof Glasenapp pub- 

 lished his observations of 1 220 measures on 

 610 pairs, made at Abastouman. 



The orbits of ten double stars were com- 

 puted and published during the year. The 

 periods varj' from 11.37 years, in the case 

 of K Pegasi to 208.1 years for :y Cassi- 

 opeise. 



NEBULA. 



In Astronomy and Astrophysics for May 

 Prof. Campbell, of the Lick Observatory, 

 gave a table of bright lines photographed in 

 the spectrum of the Orion nebula; of dark 

 lines photographed in the spectra of the 

 Orion stars and of the comparison of bright 

 nebular and dark star lines. He concludes 

 that nearly all the dark lines in the faint 

 stars are matched by bright lines in the 

 nebula, but certain prominent nebular lines 

 are not matched by dark stellar lines. 



The stars appear to be closely related to 

 the nebula in chemical constitution and 

 may be physically connected. 



Prof. Keeler, from his observations at the 

 Lick Observatory, drew the conclusion that 

 the distance of the great Orion nebula from 

 the sun is increasing at the rate of 11 miles 

 per second. No relative motion of the differ- 

 ent parts of the Orion nebula was detected. 

 His investigations seem to show that neb- 

 ulae are moving through sjiace with veloci- 

 ties similar to that of the stars. 



POTSDAM PHOTOMETRY. 



Drs. Miiller and Kempf have completed, 

 in its first stage, the investigation of the 



