128 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. II. No. 31. 



ophj^; Logic and Theory of Knowledge; 

 ^Esthetics of Music. 



The tendencies shown by this summary 

 are by no means new. It appears very 

 clearly that logic and the theory of know- 

 ledge are absorbing much more attention 

 than any form of speculative metaphys- 

 ics. The raf)id development and wide- 

 spread interest in psychology are evidenced 

 by the fact that in the nineteen universities 

 mentioned there are no less than sixteen 

 courses of lectures devoted to this subject. 

 In many places work is also being done in 

 laboratories and seminars. Kant's Philoso- 

 phy receives very general attention. Five 

 courses of lectures are given on his system, 

 besides the seminary work. The historical 

 work covers all periods, starting with Pro- 

 fessor Deussen's investigations in old San- 

 skrit and Grreek Philosophy and extending 

 to the philosophy of to-day. 



Chas. H. Judd. 

 Leipzig. 



CUBBENT NOTES ON ANTHBOPOLOGY {XL). 



THE GERMAN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIA- 

 TION, 1S94. 



The full proceedings of the meeting of 

 this Association, held last August at Inns- 

 bruck, have recentlj^ been published in the 

 Mittheihmgen of the Anthropological Society 

 of Vienna. 



The topics discussed were largely of local 

 interest, such as the somatology and pre- 

 history of Tyrol, the prehistoric monuments 

 of Switzerland, the construction of the Ger- 

 man house and the recent archseologic finds 

 in central Europe. Of wider scope was the 

 address of the honorary president. Dr. Vir- 

 chow, who tackled the questions of the ori- 

 gin of man and of the races of men ; of Dr. 

 Palacky, of Prague, who filed a brief in de- 

 fence of the Biblical chronology; of Dr. Vir- 

 chow again, who delivered a most instruc- 

 tive address on the pygmy races of the 



world and the phenomenon of dwarfness 

 generally; of Professor Sergi, of Eome, on 

 the same subject, especially the pygmies of 

 Europe; of Professor Ranke, on the de- 

 pendence of the erect staure on the devel- 

 opment of the brain; of Dr. Mies, of Cologne, 

 on the relations of the weight of the brain 

 to growth; and a very learned and able 

 summaiy by the president. Baron von And- 

 rian, on ' Some results of modern eth- 

 nology.' 



This was the twenty-fifth meeting of the 

 Association, and the comparisons drawn by 

 Dr. Virchow between the present state of 

 anthropologic science and what it was a 

 quarter of a century ago were instructive 

 and entertaining, 



AMERICAN SUBJECTS AT THE GERMAN AN- 

 THROPOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. 



Naturally enough, America did not come 

 in for a large share of attention at the Ger- 

 man Association ; but is was not wholly 

 overlooked. Mr. Eeber compared the cup- 

 shaped markings on certain rocks in Switz- 

 erland with similar specimens in America ; 

 but he was sharj)ly set to right by Dr. Von 

 Den Steinen, the celebrated explorer of Bra- 

 zil, with the remark : " I pointedly warn 

 against any such supposition. All attempts 

 to throw ethnographic bridges between the 

 Old and New Worlds have hitherto com- 

 pletely failed." Dr. Von Luschan, how- 

 ever, referred to the modern TjTolese 

 feather work as having been introduced 

 from Mexico ; though that was of course 

 quite a recent bridge. Dr. Palacky, in his 

 paper above named, denied that there is 

 any parallel in time or character between 

 the ice age in America and Europe ; but 

 oifered no clear reasons for saying so. Dr. 

 Virchow, in discussing dwarf races, spoke 

 of some verj' small (Nannocephalic) skulls 

 from southern Venezuela and Columbia, 

 but did not assert that they indicated a 

 pygmy tribe there resident, as his argument 



