150 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. II. No. 32. 



able proof which he has brought forward 

 that exogenous structure is not confined to 

 the Sfiermopliytes. That it is so confined 

 was simplj' a dogma of botany, and when 

 Brongniart, in his classical memoir on Sig- 

 illm-ia elegans, published in 1839, so clearlj' 

 proved that the genus Sigillaria sometimes 

 has such a structure, influenced bj^ this 

 dogma alone, he inclined to place it in the 

 Gymnosperms, and so great was his author- 

 ity that until very recent times, and to 

 some extent still to-daj^, his followers in 

 France have labored to sustain that view. 

 Long after Professor Williamson had over- 

 thrown it definitively the French School 

 continued to defend it, and it was for 

 this reason that he was induced to con- 

 tribute the paper above referred to in 

 the 'Annales des sciences naturelles.'* He 

 was determined that they should not have 

 the excuse that his researches were in a 

 language with which they were not fa- 

 miliar, and therefore associated with him- 

 self Dr. Marcus M. Hartog, of Victoria 

 University, Manchester, and with the aid 

 of a literary friend of Dr. Hartog in Paris, 

 who put the paper into the very best of 

 French, he set forth in the clearest manner 

 the leading arguments in opposition to the 

 old doctrine, and thrust it directlj^ before 

 the eminent defenders of that doctrine. 

 The effect was instantaneous. The article 

 was read and repeatedly answered, but 

 without weakening the argument, and to- 

 day, with perhaps a single exceiJtion, Pro- 

 fessor Williamson's conclusions are ac- 

 cepted by the French paleobotanists. 



Lester F. Ward. 

 Washington, D. C. 



JA3IES C. PILLING. 

 James Constaxtixe Pilling, a well- 

 known student of the languages and litera- 



* Leg Sigillaires et les Lepidodendries, Par. MM. 

 W. C. Williamson et Marcus M. Hartog. Ann. Sci. 

 Nat., Bot., 6e Ser., Vol. XIII., Paris, 1882, pp. 337- 

 352. 



ture of the Inchans of North America, the 

 bibliographer in the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology, died of locomotor ataxia Julj'^ 

 26, 1895. He was born in Washington, 

 November 16, 1846, and passed through the 

 public schools and Gonzaga College. At 

 twentjr he was a court and Congi-essional 

 stenographer. In 1875 he became con- 

 nected with the L^nited States Geographic 

 and Geologic Surveys of the Eockj' Moun- 

 tain region, under Major J. W. Powell. 

 While in the field he displaj'ed notable skill 

 and zeal in the collection of the vocabularies 

 of the native tribes, his experience in ste- 

 nographj' proving of great service. By his 

 aid the Director of the Survey was able to 

 collect a large number of myths and tradi- 

 tions, and to record ceremonials with a ful- 

 ness of detail which wou.ld have been im- 

 possible without the use of shorthand. In 

 1881 Mr. Pilling became chief clerk of the 

 Geological Survey and the Ethnologic 

 Bureau, retaining this arduous position 

 until 1891, when failing health compelled 

 discontinuance of a part of his work; there- 

 upon he resigned from the Survey, discon- 

 tinued administrative work, and devoted 

 his remaining energies with remarkable per- 

 sistence and success to bibliographic re- 

 searches. These researches were continued 

 until Aj^ril last, when he finally became in- 

 capacitated. 



Mr. Pilling was widelj' known as a bibli- 

 ographer of the native languages of North 

 America. Nine parts of his great bibli- 

 ography have been published, A'iz.: the Al- 

 gonquian, Athapascan, Chinookan (includ- 

 ing the Chinook jargon ) , Eskimo, Iroquoian, 

 Muskhogean, Salishau, Siouan and Waka- 

 shan. These vohimes comprise about 1,700 

 pages, including over 6,000 titular entries. 

 The work is regarded as a model by bibli- 

 ographers generally ; the successive parts 

 have been favorably reviewed in scientific 

 journals in many countries. Much addi- 

 tional material was prepared, including a 



