352 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. II. Ko. 38. 



question has heretofore been treated onlj"- 

 mathematically and without considering 

 the end conditions, and hence no satisfactory 

 conclusions have been reached. The author 

 treats the current in a cable like a swinging 

 string and similarly introduces the members 

 representing the end conditions. The result 

 of the analysis shows that the representa- 

 tive curves are produced by superimposing 

 a sine curve upon a catenary. Experimental 

 measurements upon an artificial cable, with 

 rates of alternation between 650 and 3,000 

 verified the analytical conclusions very 

 beautifully. 



3. The Most General Relation between Elec- 

 tric and Magnetic Force and their Displacements 

 (20 m.), by M. I. Pupin. It was shown 

 that the difference between Maxwell's ideas 

 concerning electricity and those of his prede- 

 cessors lies in the form and in the extension 

 of his considerations to the medium. The 

 author believes that by a suitable extension 

 of the equations of condition of the ether 

 the phenomena of light can be more simply 

 explained by the electro -magnetic theory 

 than by the elastic solid theory. 



4. Relations of the Weather Bureau to the 

 Science and Industry of the Country (15 m.), 

 by Willis L. Moore. 



5. Solar Magnetic Radiation and Weather 

 Forecasts (15 m.), by Frank H. Bigelow. 



6. Clouds and Their Nomenclature (20 m.), 

 by Cleveland Abbe. 



7. Cloud Photography (10 m.), by Al- 

 fred J. Henry. 



Numbers 4, 5, 6 and 7 were read before a 

 joint session of Sections A, B, E and I, and 

 will receive ample attention elsewhere. 



8. A Neiv Apparatus for Studying Color 

 Phenomena (30 m.), by E. E. von Nar- 

 DROFF. This consists of a mechanism by 

 which three beams of light are taken from 

 the condenser of a projection lantern, and 

 controlled as to intensity by diaphragms 

 and as to color by various colored screens. 

 These beams then fall upon a distant screen 



and may be caused to appear distinct or 

 overlapped and combined, and afford an 

 excellent means for studying a large variety 

 of color phenomena. 



9. Voice Production with Photographs of the 

 Vocal Cords in Action (15 m.), by F. S. 

 MucKEY andW. Hallock. It is ordinarily 

 assumed that increase of tension is the only 

 means provided for raising the pitch of the 

 note sung. Dr. Muckej^ has found that 

 with proper training the arytenoid cartilages 

 may be rotated, thus shortening the effect- 

 ive length of the cord, and probably also 

 lightening its weight by holding the thicker 

 muscular part of the cord. The photographs 

 verify the conclusions as to the rotation 

 and shortening of the cords. 



10. Note on the lAmits of Range of the Hu- 

 man Voice (5 m.), by W. Le Conte 

 Stevens. The author finds the singing lim- 

 its to be from 43 to 2,048 vibrations per 

 second, and has observed the squeal of a 

 child as high as 3,072 per second. 



11. Voice Analysis with Photographic Record 

 (20 m.), by F. S. Muckey and W. Hallock. 

 Kesonators tuned to the pitch of bass C and 

 its seven first overtones are provided with 

 manometric capsules of improved form and 

 adaptation. While this note (128 per sec.) 

 is sung on different vowels and by different 

 singers the flames are photographed as de- 

 scribed in the ' Physical Review,' Vol. II., 

 p. 305. In this way many negatives have 

 been obtained illustrating the different tim- 

 bre or klangtint of the vowels and voices. 

 Many more must be taken before reliable 

 conclusions can be drawn. 



12. The Reproduction of Colors by Photog- 

 raphy (60 m.), by F. E. Ives. By tak- 

 ing negatives through color screens, and 

 then projecting the pictui-es through similar 

 screens and superimposing upon the screen, 

 effects are obtained which are very wonder- 

 ful, though not entirely above criticism. A 

 similar process has been applied to the 

 stereoscope, giving better results. 



