OCTOBBE 18, 1895.] 



SCIENCE. 



495 



which was then broken oif, lifted, and the 

 angle of the diametral line with the direc- 

 tion of dip measured. A test experiment 

 was also arranged by grinding the surface 

 of the next piece of core and impressing a 

 line of points on it by lowering a steel bar 

 armed with punches on to the smooth sur- 

 face; on raising this core it yielded a meas- 

 urement within a degree of the preceding- 

 observation. The Palaeozoic rocks at Ware 

 aud Turnford gave dips a little west of south. 



Owing to the presence of many observers 

 who had worked in East Anglia, local 

 papers were numerous. First came two by 

 Mr. Harmer, a gentleman who was for 

 many years the colleague of Mr. Searles 

 Wood, Jun. One dealt with the commonly 

 occurring species of Mollusca of the Coral- 

 line Crag deposits and showed that this as- 

 semblage, even better than the total fauna, 

 proved the southern derivation of the or- 

 ganisms. The summaries given by him 

 are printed below: 



Summary of the abundant and character- 

 istic species of Mollusca occurring in the 

 Coralline Crag. 



Not known as living (37 per cent) 89 



Living in distant seas 8 



Living in the Mediterranean 1.33 



Living in the West European area 9 



Living not south of Britain 1 



Total 240 



Species of European Mollusca occurring 

 abundantly in the Coralline Crag. 

 Southern and not British (28 per 



cent) 42 



British (rare) and Southern 9 



(35 per cent) 51 



British (characteristic) and Southern 91 



British and not Southern 1 



Total 14.3 



Mr. Harmer's second paper dealt with the 

 so-called derivative shells in the Eed Crag ; 

 while admitting that the Eocene species had 



undoubtedly been derived from an older 

 deposit, the author contended that many of 

 these shells had lived in Britain in much 

 later times, some belonging to the interval 

 which elapsed between the formation of the 

 Red and Coralline Crags. Mr. Clement 

 Reid gave an illustrated lecture on the 

 glacial deposits of Cromer, which were 

 visited later on by a large party under his 

 guidance. The Cromer drift is remarkable 

 for the contortions which it exhibits, and, 

 indeed, it frequently displays all the struc- 

 tural phenomena of the crystalline schists, 

 being sheared, crumpled, brecciated, twisted 

 and kneaded into ' eyes.' The same author 

 in conjunction with Mr. H. IST. Eidley de- 

 scribed the discovery of a new bed contain- 

 ing temperate plants between the morainic 

 deposits and those with arctic plants at 

 Hoxne, a locality long famous for the palaeo- 

 lithic implements found in its upper strata ; 

 he proposes to investigate this deposit still 

 further and to determine the relation of the 

 human remains to the various climates in- 

 dicated by the plants and moraines. 

 The following is the section exposed : 



Feet. 



Gravelly surface soil about 2 



Brick earth ; towards the base Valvata 

 piscinalis, cj'prids, bones of ox, horse, 

 elephant (?), and palseolithic imple- 

 ments 12 



Sandy gravel, sometimes carbonaceous, 

 with flint flakes 1 



Peaty clay, with leaves of Arctic 

 plants (?) about 4 



Lignite, with wood of yew, oak (?), 

 white birch, seeds of cornel, etc.. .about 1 



Green calcareous clay, with fish, Valvata 

 piscinalis, Bythinia tentaculata, cyprids, 

 Ramineulus repens, Carex about 4 



Boulder clay 



Recent storms at Southwold, on the east 

 coast, have effected considerable denuda- 

 tion there and have directed attention to 



