520 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. II. No. 42. 



heat of evaporation of a gramme of water 

 at ordinary pressure, by Joly; (3) the latent 

 heat of fusion of a gramme of ice, by Picker- 

 ing. But none of these are simply related 

 to other units, and they are arbitrary. He 

 suggested a thermodynamic unit — namely, 

 the heat energj^ of 42 million ergs. This is 

 a natural and an absolute unit, independent 

 of the researches of any observer, and con- 

 venient in magnitude. It may be inter- 

 preted practically as the amount of heat 

 required to raise a gramme of water 1 deg. 

 C. at 10 deg. C, as measured on a hydrogen 

 thermometer. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL NEWS. 

 The buildings of the University of the 

 City of New York at University Heights 

 will be formally opened on Saturday, Octo- 

 ber 19th. The two buildings that will be 

 dedicated are the Hall of Languages and 

 the Havemeyer Laboratory. The new 

 gymnasium is also finished and will be open 

 for inspection. Dr. Anson Judd Upson, 

 Chancellor of the University of the State of 

 New York, will make an address and 

 speeches are expected from Governor Mor- 

 ton, Mayor Strong, Dr. Wm. T. Harris, 

 President Hill of Kochester and President 

 Gates of Amherst. Part of the dedicatory 

 exercises will be the breaking of ground for 

 the new library building. 



The Freshman class in the academic de- 

 partment of Yale Universitj^ numbers 330, 

 one less than last year. The Freshman 

 class in the scientific department numbers 

 149, a decrease of 101 as compared with last 

 year. This decrease is attributed to changes 

 in requirements of admission. There are 

 this year 149 graduate students, as com- 

 pared with 138 in 1894 and 143 in 1893. 

 The number of professors and instructors is 

 this year 227, an increase of 20. The pro- 

 fessorships of natural philosophy and as- 

 tronomy and of botany have not been 

 fiUed. 



By the will of Col. W. L. Chase $5,000 

 is bequeathed to the president and fellows 

 of Harvard College to establish a scholar- 

 ship in the medical school, to be known as 

 the Charles B. Porter scholarship. 



De. Feedeeick F. Dunlap, a graduate 

 of the University of Michigan, has been 

 called to an assistant professorship of or- 

 ganic chemistry in Yale University. 



At the Ohio Wesleyan University, Pro- 

 fessor Albert Mann, Ph. D., who has re- 

 cently returned from Munich, has entered 

 upon his new field of labor in the biologi- 

 cal department. The enrollment of stu- 

 dents in this department is twice as great 

 as during anj^ preceding j'ear in the history 

 of the College. Professor Trumbull G. 

 Duvall, Ph. D., has just resigned the chair 

 of philosophy at DePauw University, in 

 order to take charge of the department of 

 philosophy. Mr. Duvall is establishing a 

 fine departmental library in connection with 

 his i^hilosophical instruction at the Univer- 

 sity. Lieut. Waldo E. Ayer, of the 12th 

 U. S. Infantry, has been detailed by Secre- 

 tary Lamont as professor of military science 

 and tactics. Prof Ayer will report at the 

 University for duty immediately. 



Me. Daniel T. MacDougal has lately 

 been appointed assistant professor of 

 botany in the University of Minnesota. He 

 will have charge of the graduate and under- 

 graduate courses in plant physiology. Miss 

 Josephine E. Tilden has been awarded the 

 Albert Howard Fellowship on the basis of 

 her work on American fresh-water algae. 



A NEW $40,000 laboratory building is 

 about completed for the departments of 

 bacteriolog}', histologj^ and pharmacy in 

 the medical college of the University of 

 Minnesota. 



The recently published ' Directory of the 

 Officers and Students of Brown University ' 

 shows a total enrollment of 844 students, 

 an increase of 104 over that of last year. 



