October 18, 1895.] 



SCIENCE. 



527 



lucidity and accuracy cliaracteristic of these 

 writers. A dozen tables are appended, the 

 natural functions being given to five, and the 

 logarithms and functions to six places of deci- 

 mals. The book seems likely to prove very 

 useful to a large class of engineers and sur- 

 veyors and should find ready and extensive 

 sale. 



SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS. 



THE MONIST, OCTOBER. 



After a careful examination of Darwin's own 

 statements uj)on the matter, and a brief survey 

 of the theories of Wallace, Weismann, Cope 

 and the Neo-Lamarckians, Geddes, Henslow 

 and others, the late Professor G. J. Romanes 

 concludes, in the leading article of this number, 

 on The Darwinism of Darwin and of the Post-Dar- 

 winian Schools, that Darwin's answer to the 

 question whether the so-called Lamarckian fac- 

 tors were involved in the progressive modifica- 

 tion of living forms was distinct and unequivo- 

 cal, and that he never maintained that natural 

 selection was to be regarded as the sole cause of 

 organic evolution. As the mean between the 

 two extremes of American Neo-Lamarckism 

 and European Weismannism, Prof. Romanes 

 believes that Darwin's judgment with respect 

 to the relative importance of the factors of evo- 

 lution will eventually prove the most accurate 

 of all. Romanes' criticism of the American 

 Neo-Lamarckians is that they do not distin- 

 guish between the ' statement of facts in terms 

 of a proposition and an explanation of them in 

 terms of causality,' but the bulk of the article 

 is devoted to demolishing the erroneous and 

 widely current impression implied in the so- 

 called ' pure Darwinism ' of Mr. Wallace, and 

 especially to refuting the latter's conception of 

 the intei'vention of a distinct individual intelli- 

 gence in evolution. 



Dr. Paul Topinard, in the second article, 

 Man as an Animal, seeks to assign man's place 

 in nature by a review of the results of anthro- 

 pology, which for him is a branch of natural 

 history pure aud simple. His general conclu- 

 sion is that man is not a creature apart in crea- 

 tion, but an animal like all the rest, only 

 adapted and perfected to intellectual life; and 



that from this point of view his interests and 

 impulses are all individual and egotistic. In 

 details his views are opposed to prominent 

 American theories on this subject. 



In Criminal Anthropology Apjylied to Pedagogy, 

 Prof. C. Lombroso shows how the conclusions 

 of criminology can be turned to practical ac- 

 count by teachers in their treatment of children. 

 His article indicates more clearly than most of 

 his writings do what are the limitations of his 

 doctrine of the criminal type. 



By Arrested Mentation (fourth article) G. Fer- 

 rero understands that law of natural logic by 

 which the person of average power and educa- 

 tion stops short in his reasonings at facts and 

 phenomena falling under the notice of the 

 senses, never pushing his inquiries after causes 

 beyond the obtrusive facts of his experience. 

 He also includes under this term our penchant 

 for syllogistic reasoning, as opposed to the 

 laborious and reijellent methods of inductive 

 research, and gives well-known historical ex- 

 amples in illustration of his idea. 



The three last articles form a logically coher- 

 ent group on the moral and religious upshot of 

 scientific inquiry. That on Naturalism by Pro- 

 fessor C. Lloyd Morgan is a defense of science 

 against the recent animadversions of Mr. Bal- 

 four, and finds that Mr. Balfour's onslaught is 

 directed against a wholly imaginary conception 

 of the naturalistic tenets, and one which is 

 never held by the foremost representatives of 

 scientific thought. Dr. Paul Carus in The New 

 Orthodoxy makes a plea for that ' rightness of 

 opinion ' which proceeds from the rigorous ob- 

 servation of the objective criteria of truth estab- 

 lished by science. In The Fifth Oospel Dr. 

 Woods Hutchinson, of the University of Iowa, 

 announces a new evangel — the Gospel accord- 

 ing to Darwin — which, the author claims, places 

 morals and religion on firmer foundations than 

 ever before. 



Prof. F. Jodl reviews the philosophical publi- 

 cations of Germany and Austria, M. Lucien 

 Arreat those of France, and Theodore Stanton 

 writes on some French opinions of the Chicago 

 Congresses. Emilia Digby discusses Prof. Le 

 Conte's -view of ' social evolution through the 

 ethical law.' Numerous book reviews. Con- 

 tents of Periodicals. 



