November 8, 1895.] 



SCIENCE. 



627 



Hall's led to the founding of its laboratory, I 

 wish publicly to contradict him. This cannot 

 be more effectively done than by calling atten- 

 tion to the facts of history. 



Sixteen years ago, while at Bowdoin College 

 and before I even knew of the existence of 

 President Hall, I began the detailed study of the 

 relations between the nervous system and men- 

 tal phenomena. On coming to Yale, two years 

 later, I continued diligently the same line of 

 study, in the laboratory and with the kind as- 

 sistance of Dr. James K. Thatcher, then pro- 

 fessor of physiology in the Yale Medical School. 

 To this line I soon added much research in the 

 field of experimental psychology. 



For several years I worked to the extent of 

 twenty-five or thirty hours a week on a course 

 of lectures on these subjects, which were illus- 

 trated by a small collection of material pur- 

 chased by money granted for that purpose. 

 Finally, in 1887, my ' Elements of Physiological 

 Psychology ' appeared, and in 1891 an abriged 

 and revised treatise vmder the title of ' Outlines 

 of Physiological Psychology.' Those were in- 

 deed days of small things ; but the work done 

 was honest and thorough, and it was pioneer 

 work. As to the ' influence ' of my books on 

 the entire development of modern psychological 

 study, in the laboratory and outside of it, in 

 this country and in England (where several 

 editions of them have been sold and where they 

 have been required in examinations for a degree 

 in m-edicine) and further abroad, I leave the 

 impartial historian to discourse. 



Three years ago, since my own work — espe- 

 cially with graduate students — had outstripped 

 my powers, an instructor in experimental psy- 

 chology and a man who could supervise the 

 putting in order of a laboratory was sought. 

 Dr. E. W. Scripture, on my nomination, was 

 given an appointment for that purpose. But 

 so far even as the fltting-up of the laboratory 

 came under his influence, it is not true that this 

 emanates to any appreciable extent fi-om Presi- 

 dent Hall or from his University. For Dr. 

 Scripture, a graduate of the College of the City 

 of New York, spent the three long semesters 

 from 1888 onward in Leipzig, in Wundt's labora- 

 tory, and the two intervening summer semesters 

 at Berlin and Zurich with Zeller, Paulsen, 



Diels, Ebbinghaus, Avenarius and Forel. At 

 the time of his appointment at Yale he had in- 

 deed been, for about a year and a half, at 

 Clark as a fellow, reading somewhat miscel- 

 laneously and using the laboratory as he chose, 

 but without any regular instruction or super- 

 vision. His training, his instruction, his meth- 

 ods, are wholly fi'oni the Leipzig laboratory, and 

 not at all from Clark University. This is, in 

 fact, the entire extent of the ' influence ' ex- 

 erted by the writer of this truly remarkable 

 Preface over the founding and development of 

 the Yale psychological laboratory. 



I will only add that two of the names men- 

 tioned in President Hall's list are much more 

 pupils of Yale than of Clark. They belong 

 among the twenty-three or twenty-four profes- 

 sors of psychology and philosophy which Yale 

 has sent forth during the last fourteen years. 

 Their alma mater is proud of them all ; but not 

 less so, because she has imparted to them a dis- 

 tinctly different spirit and morale from that dis- 

 played in late years by the writer of this Pre- 

 face. Geoege Trumbull Ladd. 



Yale University. 



Editor of Science: According to an editorial 

 statement in the American Journal of Psychology 

 for September, the Laboratory for Psychology in 

 the University of Toronto was founded ' under 

 the influence ' of pupils of Stanley Hall. This 

 is false. The Toronto Laboratory was founded 

 by myself, then professor there, with an appro- 

 priation gained by my exertions and influence 

 with the educational authorities of Ontario. 

 No pupil of Dr. Hall had any influence in 

 the matter in any shape or form, for my early 

 training was gained at Princeton, where Dr. 

 Hall's influence was not large ! 



Moreover, the general claim made by Dr. 

 Hall in the ' editorial ' to the paternity of sci- 

 entific psychology in this country is ambitious 

 to an extraordinary degree. In Princeton alone 

 a course in physiological psychology was given 

 by McCosh, with practical work by Professors 

 Scott and Osborn, as far back as 1883. 



J. Mark Baldwin. 



Princeton University. 



It seems a pity' that President Hall, who has 

 accomplished so much for the advancement of 



