November 29, 1895.] 



SCIENCE. 



713 



The third year's course is designed for 

 those who wish to perfect themselves in 

 methods of making local weather forecasts. 

 Finally, the fourth year's course sum- 

 mai'izes the present state of our knowledge 

 of the mechanics and physics of the atmos- 

 phere. 



First Year. — Obsei'vational Meteorol- 

 ogy. The methods of observation ; the 

 simpler instruments, their errors, correc- 

 tions and reductions; the theory and use 

 of self-registers; the forms of record and 

 computation ; personal diary of the weather. 



Time. — About eighty lectures, or two 

 hours a week, as also eighty other hours of 

 personal investigation of instruments and 

 their exposure. 



Concomitant Studies. — Algebra and trigo- 

 nometry are the necessary preliminaries to 

 this course. Elementary laboratory phys- 

 ics, as illustrated by Hall and Berger's 

 text-book, is desirable as a preliminary, 

 but may be pursued as a concomitant 

 study. The German language is earnestly 

 recommended as a concomitant. The diifer- 

 ential and integral calculus should be stud- 

 ied as preliminary to the fourth year. 



Second Yeak. — Climatology, both local 

 and general; statistical meteorology, gener- 

 alizations, averages, periodicities, irregular- 

 ities. The relations of climate to geology, to 

 vegetation, to animal life, and to anthro- 

 pology. 



Time. — About forty lectures and four 

 hours weekly given to the investigation of 

 special problems proposed in each lecture. 



Concomitant Studies. — Students should fa- 

 miliarize themselves with the use of loga- 

 rithms; the method of least squares; the 

 laws of chance ; the details of physical ge- 

 ography, orography, geology and ocean 

 currents; the physiology of jjlants and ani- 

 mals; the distribution of species; physical 

 astronomy, especially that of the earth, sun 

 and moon ; terrestrial magnetism ; the chem- 

 istry of the atmosphere ; the biology of at- 



mospheric dust. Physical laboratory work 

 on radiation, conduction and absorption of 

 heat, on the condensation and evapora- 

 tion of vapor, and on elementary electricity, 

 is recommended. The study of German, 

 the calculus and analytic mechanics should 

 be continued as preliminary to the re- 

 mainder of the Course. 



Third Year. — Practical Meteorology ; 

 the daily weather chart ; the empiric laws of 

 weather changes as dependent on meteor- 

 ological data and on the arrangement of 

 continents, plateaus,mountains, oceans, etc.; 

 weather types and typical weather charts ; 

 predictions of daily weather storms and 

 general predictions of seasonal climates; 

 verification of predictions. 



Tiine. — About forty lectures and about 

 five hours a week additional in verifying 

 predictions. 



Concomitant Studies. — Methods of chart 

 projection ; experimental laboratory work 

 in both steady and discontinuous motions 

 of fluids and gases ; mathematical and ex- 

 perimental electricity ; the laws of refrac- 

 tion and interference of light; elementary 

 hydrodynamics and thermo-dynamics ; dif- 

 ferential equations and definite integrals ; 

 the German language. 



Fourth Year. — Theoretical Meteorology. 

 Insolation. The absorption, conduction 

 and radiation of heat by the air and by the 

 earth. The thermo-dynamics and physics 

 of the atmosphere ; the graphic methods of 

 Herz and Bezold. Convective equilibrium, 

 as applied to the atmosphere of the sun by 

 Lane, and to that of the earth by Sir Will- 

 iam Thomson (Lord Kelvin), and their suc- 

 cessors. Motion on a rotating globe ; Fer- 

 rel's and other simple approximate relations 

 between baric gradients and the wind and 

 temperature ; Ferrel's general circulation 

 of the atmosphere and his cyclones and 

 pericyclones and tornadoes. Galton's cy- 

 clone and anti-cyclone. Fourier's most 

 general equations of gaseous motions. 



