902 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. II. No. 52. 



Students who follow the course of study 

 given in this manual will have a most excellent 

 introduction to chemistry, and teachers in 

 arranging the work for their classes cannot go 

 far astray if they are guided by the experience 

 of one who has been preeminently successful in 

 this line of work. E. H. Keisee. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



The Society met November 20; eighty-fovir 

 persons present. Dr. J. Walter Fewkes, in his 

 paper, ' Some newly discovered Cliff ruins in 

 Arizona,' described, and illustrated with stere- 

 opticon views, the early home of the Moquis. 

 The ruins studied were of three types: First, the 

 cave dwellings situated on high bluffs and con- 

 sisting of series of chambers hewn out with 

 stone implements — these chambers have paved 

 floors but the walls show no trace of masonry; 

 secondly, stone houses built surrounding large 

 crater-like depressions ; and, thirdly, two large 

 cliff ruins situated many miles north of Monte- 

 zuma's Well. 



The larger of these two ruins, affording room 

 for 500 people, was four stories in height, with 

 floors supported by beams of pine or cedar. 

 Excavations revealed remnants of cotton cloth, 

 blankets made of feathers, pottery, baskets and 

 ropes made of fibers of century plant. Skele- 

 tons found beneath the floors showed the burial 

 customs, and the abundance of stone imple- 

 ments with the absence of metal seemed to 

 prove that the workers belonged to the stone 

 age. The walls covered with symbols, prac- 

 tically identical with those now found in the 

 Moqui houses, gave evidence of formal worship. 

 The second ruin, smaller but better preserved 

 than the first, showed the impressions of the 

 hands of the workmen made at the time of 

 plastering the walls of the rooms; a ciuautity 

 of corn in the ear was found beneath tlie floor 

 of this ruin. The cliff houses were probably 

 abandoned before the discovery of the country 

 by the Spaniard, and there is no evidence that 

 the cliff dwellers were a distinct people. 



The Society held a regular meeting December 

 4; eighty-one persons present. 



Mr. L. S. Griswold discussed some geo- 

 graphical and geological features of the San 

 Francisco Mountains and the Grand Canyon of 

 the Colorado, describing in some detail the pet- 

 rified forests. The paper was illustrated by a 

 series of lantern slides. 



Samuel Henshaw, 



Secretary. 



NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



The regular business meeting was called to 

 order December 2, 1895. 



Prof. N. L. Britton presented the report of 

 the Committee on the Audubon Monument and 

 asked that the committee be discharged. He 

 reported the satisfactory completion of the 

 monument and the placing of the new die, 

 which is guaranteed for at least two years. He 

 announced that after all the expenses of the 

 monument had been paid a balance of $1,797.25 

 remained on hand, which the committee there- 

 with turned over to the treasurer of the Acad- 

 emy, together with the following resolution : 



Resolved, That after all bills incurred by the 

 committee shall have been paid, the Secretary 

 and Treasurer shall pay over the balance to the 

 Treasurer of the Academy, under the title, 

 'Audubon Publication Fund,' the interest of 

 which shall be annually devoted to the publi- 

 cation of a memoir on some zoological or botan- 

 ical topic, if a paper suitable for such memoir 

 shall be presented. If no such paper shall be 

 presented during any one year, the interest 

 shall be allowed to accumulate until one is pre- 

 sented. Memoirs published by this fund shall 

 be so designated." 



A committee was appointed to audit the ac- 

 counts of the report. 



The Section in Astronomy and Physics then 

 organized, with Prof Woodward iu the chair. 



The first paper was by Prof Harold Jacoby, 

 on ' The Determination of Division Errors in 

 Straight Scales.' The author only read the 

 introduction to the paper and outlined the 

 method. Thereupon, with the permission of 

 the chairman, he read an historical description 

 of the observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. 



The second paper was by C. A. Post, on 

 ' Photographs of the Lunar Eclipse of Septem- 

 ber 3, 1895.' The photographs exhibited were 



