Fbbbuabt 19j 1915] 



SCIENCE 



267 



ferences to environment and others fall 

 into skepticism about the whole matter.'^ 

 This author thinks the Germans are di- 

 verse, as a Roman might be anything from 

 York to New Carthage, Corinth or Damas- 

 cus. 



Brinton holds that the origin of this so- 

 called Indo-European group was ia the 

 west, the central Celtic tribes moving from 

 the Atlantic region through the Alps to the 

 Danube, a southern series of oifshoots peo- 

 pling the Mediterranean, and the northern, 

 moving southward and eastward from 

 primitive seats on the North and Baltic 

 seas :^^ Another authority thinks with Sergi 

 and Keane that the Mediterranean stock 

 came from Africa and that the dolicho- 

 blond developed after the passage to Eu- 

 rope and the initiation of the Mediterra- 

 nean water barrier.^* 



Ridgeway,^^ on the other hand, makes two 

 non-Aryan races in Europe, Alpine and 

 Neolithic, overrun by two Aryan races, 

 once thought to have come from Hindu 

 Kush, now believed to have originated in 

 upper central Europe. He argues that to 

 follow Sergi in making the Mediterranean 

 race non- Aryan "leaves out of sight the 

 effects of environment in changing racial 

 types, and that too in no long time." He 

 cites the cases of the Boers in Africa and of 

 New "World natives changing their latitude. 

 There was gradual change from the short, 

 dark men of southern Europe to the tall 

 blonds of the Baltic. This means more than 

 intercrossing and raises suspicions of con- 

 stantly working climatic influence. He 



22 C. H. Hayes, ' ' Sources of the Germanic In- 

 vasions, " Studies in Hist, and Pub. Law, 

 XXXIII., 14^15. 



23 D. G-. Brinton, ' ' Eaces and Peoples, ' ' 

 151-52. 



24 "The Mutation Theory and the Blond Eace," 

 Jour. Bace Bevel., III., 491-95. 



25 Wm. Eidgeway, President's Address, Brit. 

 Assoc. Ad. Sci., Dublin, 1908, 832^7. 



thinks environment the chief factor in stat- 

 ure and pigmentation. Attention to other 

 animals, in Ridgeway's view, demonstrates 

 this doctrine. He cites the white hares 

 and bears and the tendency of the ptarmi- 

 gan and the horse to turn white in winter. 

 The horse is cited as shown in varieties 

 from northern Asia to the Cape of Good 

 Hope, and this writer concludes that en- 

 vironment is powerful not only in colora- 

 tions, but in osteology, and that these 

 changes may be very rapid. The blond 

 Berbers are believed to owe their qualities 

 not to mixing with Vandals and Goths, but 

 to being cradled in a cool mountain region. 

 The fair-haired people have poured for 

 centuries across the Alps and yet hold their 

 own only in the north of Italy. Woodruff 

 does not think they were darkened, but that 

 natural selection eliminated them because 

 they went beyond their latitude range. 

 Homo Alpinus is held by different authors 

 as Aryan or as Mongolian from Asia, and 

 as having evolved their brachycephalic 

 character on European soil. 



Marett, referring to Ridgeway, thinks 

 he overrates environment, but admits it as 

 premature to affirm or deny that in the 

 very long run, round-headedness goes with 

 a mountain life.^" 



To add other items of opinion, confirm- 

 ing the conviction that much fruit has set, 

 but few specimens have ripened, Marett 

 places in north Africa the "original hot- 

 bed" ^^ of the Mediterranean race, who in 

 Neolithic times colonized the north shore 

 of the Mediterranean and passed by the 

 warm Atlantic as far as Scotland. The 

 same author, keeping close to cover, says 

 that it is now fashionable to place the Teu- 

 tonic home in northeastern Europe, though 

 he regards it as still something of a mys- 

 tery. The Scandinavian origin of Euro- 



26 Marett, "Anthropology," 107. 

 ^T Ibid., 104. 



