536 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLI. No. 1058 



just criticism. But certain regrettable mis- 

 takes occur in this part of the subject : for in- 

 stance on page 3 it is stated that the terms 

 oocytes and spermatocytes of the first order 

 are applied to the germ-cells at the end of the 

 period of growth, whereas these names are 

 usually applied from the beginning of this 

 period. On p. 16 the chromosome interpreta- 

 tion of Mendelian phenomena is given incor- 

 rectly, but is partially corrected in a footnote; 

 on page 17 increase of " alkalinity " of the sea 

 water is attributed to addition of butyric acid ; 

 evidently a slip. On p. 524 Morgan is credited 

 with the discovery of inducing artificial par- 

 thenogenesis in sea urchins by treatment with 

 hypertonic sea-water, and Loeb stated to have 

 confirmed this result in 1910. Loeb, of course, 

 made the original discovery in 1899. Several 

 other similar errors occur. 



Professor MacBride's volume is to be wel- 

 comed as a useful account of descriptive in- 

 vertebrate embryology. But, to complete the 

 series in which it belongs, there is a need of a 

 volume which shall treat the cytological, func- 

 tional analytic and general problems of em- 

 bryology, which seem to the writer to consti- 

 tute the most significant aspects of the embryo- 

 logical research of the last thirty years. 



F. E. L. 



An Introduction to the History of Medicine, 

 with Medical Chronology, Bibliographic 

 Data and Test Questions. By Fielding H. 

 Garrison, A.B., M.D. W. B. Saunders Com- 

 pany. 1914. Pp. 1-Y63, illustrated with 

 numerous portraits of eminent men, to 

 which is appended an extensive bibliography 

 covering 18 pages. 



The author, in his preface, states that " the 

 object of this book is to furnish the medical 

 student or the busy practitioner with a defi- 

 nite outline of the history of medicine . . . ." 

 But it is apparent, even on a hasty examination, 

 that the work is capable of much wider usage 

 and may easily be regarded as the most con- 

 venient volume of reference on the historical 

 phases of medicine which has been issued re- 

 cently in the English language. It ranks with 

 the larger and more extensive works of Haeser 



and of Neuberger, Puschmann and Pagel, 

 though more modest in scope. 



The work bears clear evidence of its author's 

 intimate association with the best medical 

 library of the continent and he has made free 

 use of the extensive material in the Surgeon 

 General's library. The volume is chiefly a 

 biographical study of the development of mod- 

 ern medicine, the characters being fully por- 

 trayed or briefly mentioned as a particular 

 phase of their career bore an impress on the 

 period or on a certain phase of medicine. 

 One is thus compelled to search in several 

 places for the details of any one man, and even 

 then he finds many only scantily given, this 

 being in accord with the author's views of 

 writing a history of medicine. Both the 

 men involved and the condition of the times 

 in which they worked united to produce the 

 final result. 



From the vievsrpoint of anatomy the work is 

 especially useful. Anatomy has been given 

 its widest application and all phases of biology 

 bearing on the development of medicine have 

 been discussed, with brief or extensive mention 

 of the more eminent men who have had a part 

 in the development of anatomy, not only as 

 directly applied to medicine, but in the purely 

 scientific aspects of the science. Not only is 

 mention made of the men who have been influ- 

 ential in the development of anatomy, but the 

 political conditions of the times in which they 

 worked are discussed. Their more important 

 discoveries are given with, in many cases, 

 exact references to the literature where they 

 were formally discussed; thus adding im- 

 mensely to the usefulness of the volume. The 

 titles of the more important larger works of 

 many of the prominent anatomists of aU time 

 are given, with date and place of publication. 

 The early writers such as Galen, Hippocrates, 

 Fontana and others are treated with especial 

 care and notices of their writings are accom- 

 panied by useful notes as to number of edi- 

 tions, translations and commentaries with a 

 statement of which are considered the most 

 authoritative. These notes wiU save the stu- 

 dent just beginning the study of the history of 

 anatomy many blunders and much valuable 

 time. 



