666 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XLI. No. 1062 



manufacture or utilization of products and 

 yet these are the ones that compose chem- 

 ical industry or industrial chemistry. 



For the present, permit me to give in a 

 few words the substance of the impressive 

 series of papers presented at the meetings 

 of this forenoon and this afternoon, and, 

 as this presentation is being made, please 

 have in mind the question as to whether 

 you would prefer to have the United States 

 able to produce all of its requirements of 

 coal-tar dyes and not able to produce any 

 of the various things which I am about to 

 mention. 



According to this symposium there are 

 at least nineteen American industries in 

 which the chemist has been of great help, 

 either in founding the industry, in develop- 

 ing it, or in refining the methods of control 

 or of manufacture, thus rendering profit 

 more certain, costs less high and output 

 uniform in standard amount and quality. 



The substitution of accurate, dependable 

 and non-failing methods of operation for 

 "rule of thumb" and "helter-skelter" 

 methods must appeal to every manufac- 

 turer as a decided advancement and a 

 valuable contribution. 



NINETEEN" AMERICAN CHEMICAL rNDUSTRIES 



In presenting to you these various con- 

 tributions of the chemist, I by no means 

 wish to be understood as in any wise mini- 

 mizing or reducing the contributions made 

 to the final result by others, such as mer- 

 chants, bankers, engineers, bacteriologists, 

 electricians, power-men and the like; all 

 that I wish to emphasize is that the chemist 

 did make a contribution, and to that ex- 

 tent he is entitled to credit and acknowl- 

 edgment. 



The chemist has made the wine industry 

 reasonably independent of climatic condi- 

 tions; he has enabled it to produce sub- 

 stantially the same wine, year in and year 



out, and no matter what the weather; he 

 has reduced the spoilage from 25 per cent, 

 to 0.46 per cent, of the total; he has in- 

 creased the shipping radius of the goods 

 and has made preservatives unnecessary. 



In the copper industry he has learned 

 and has taught how to make operations so 

 constant and so continuous that in the 

 manufacture of blister copper valuations 

 are less than $1.00 apart on every $10,000 

 worth of product and in refined copper the 

 valuations of the product do not differ by 

 more than $1.00 in every $50,000 worth of 

 product. The quality of output is main- 

 tained constant within microscopic differ- 

 ences. 



Without the chemist the corn products 

 industry would never have arisen and in 

 1914 this industry consumed as much corn 

 as was grown in that year by the nine 

 states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 

 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 

 New York, New Jersey and Delaware com- 

 bined; this amount is equal to the entire 

 production of the state of North Carolina 

 and about 80 per cent, of the production 

 of each of the States of Georgia, Michigan 

 and "Wisconsin; the chemist has produced 

 over 100 useful commercial products from 

 corn, which, without him, would never 

 have been produced. 



In the asphalt industry the chemist has 

 taught how to lay a road surface that will 

 always be good, and he has learned and 

 taught how to construct a suitable road 

 surface for different conditions of service. 



In the cottonseed oil industry, the chem- 

 ist standardized methods of production, re- 

 duced losses, increased yields, made new 

 use of wastes and by-products and has 

 added somewhere between $10 and $12 to 

 the value of each bale of cotton grown. 



In the cement industry, the chemist has 

 ascertained new ingredients, has utilized 

 theretofore waste products for this pur- 



