Mat 1, 1915] 



SCIENCE 



669 



other words, the chemist engaged in these 

 thirteen pursuits plays an important, if 

 not indispensable part in the lives of 8 per 

 cent, of our wage-earners and affects 12 

 per cent, of our manufacture-values and 

 10.5 per cent, of our values added by manu- 

 facture. But the total number of chemists 

 makes up only about 0.01 per cent, of the 

 population of the United States. 



NO NATION CAN DO EVEETTHING ITSELF 



Of course, it may be said that having 

 made all these other things, there is no ex- 

 cuse why the American should not make 

 coal-tar dyes in addition. Perhaps so ; but 

 nations, like individuals, can not each have 

 or do everything. If each nation could do 

 everything equally as well as every other 

 nation, there would be no occasion what- 

 ever for international business. As this 

 world is constituted, each nation does that 

 which it can do the best and trades off the 

 product for what some other nation can do 

 better than it, and both sides are satisfied 

 and make a profit; this is the same as the 

 relationship between individuals. The 

 shoemaker can make shoes better than he 

 can bake bread; he makes shoes and ex- 

 changes part of his income with the baker 

 for bread which the baker has made. 



If American chemists can operate these 

 industries better than or as well as other 

 nations, it is no real ground for criticism 

 that they can not do everything better than 

 any other nation, any more than the shoe- 

 maker is to be criticized because he can not 

 make as good a suit of clothes as can the 

 tailor. If you want the shoemaker to be 

 able to make a suit of clothes as well as the 

 tailor you must provide him with the op- 

 portunity to learn how to tailor and take 

 care of him while he is learning, and no 

 doubt his suit of clothes will cost him more 

 than it would cost an established tailor to 

 turn out the same kind of a suit of clothes. 



and you must again help your shoemaker 

 while he is trying to market his suit of 

 clothes against the established tailor. 



EIGHTEEN ADDITIONAL AMERICAN CHEMICAL 

 INDUSTEIBS 



The above nineteen American industries 

 referred to by no means comprise all the 

 American industries in which the chemist 

 can be of help and of assistance. Many 

 more are open. 



A search through the census for 1909 dis- 

 closes the eighteen additional industries 

 listed in Table lb which make use of chem- 

 ists in the control of their operations. 



In these eighteen additional industries 

 the chemist affects 8 per cent, of our wage- 

 earners, 12.6 per cent, of our manufacture 

 values and 9.7 per cent, of our values added 

 by manufacture. For these thirty-one in- 

 dustries, then, the 0.01 per cent, of chemists 

 of our population directly affect 16 per 

 cent, of our wage-earners, 24.6 per cent, of 

 our manufacture values and 20.2 per cent, 

 of our values added by manufacture. 



This, therefore, is a measure of the in- 

 fluence of the chemist upon the industrial 

 development of the United States ; however 

 gratifying this result is, it is nevertheless 

 true that many other industries could em- 

 ploy chemical control to great advantage, 

 if they only would, and many establish- 

 ments under the above cited industries 

 could, if they would, make use of chemical 

 control. There is plenty of work left for 

 the chemist to do in these industries to 

 keep him fully and profitably engaged. 

 This being so, why should he not continue 

 to direct his energies to improving those 

 things that he already can do, rather than 

 attempt new and exotic things which others 

 can do better than he? 



THE FOREIGN BUSINESS 



So much for our internal relations. How 

 about our international relations? To an- 



