838 



SCIENCE 



[N. 8. Vol. XLI. No. 1066 



The pileus and stem fundaments are differen- 

 tiated by the appearance of an internal, narrow 

 zone of young, slender hyphs, rich in protoplasm, 

 the primordium of the hymenophore and pileua 

 margin. These hyphse are directed obliquely 

 downward. 



The rapid increase in the elements of this 

 Ijrimordium produces a tension on the ground 

 tissue below it, which now lags behind in growth, 

 so that it is torn apart, forming an annular cavity 

 in the angle between the stem and pileus. 



The pileus margin and the hymenophore pri- 

 mordium increase in a centrifugal direction. The 

 palisade stage of the hymenophore begins next the 

 stem. In certain individuals it also extends partly 

 down on the stem. The hymenophore primordium 

 consists of a zone of parallel, slender hyphse, the 

 ends of which are not crowded, thus presenting a 

 more or less frazzled appearance on its lower sur- 

 face. The transition to the palisade stage oeeurs 

 by the increase in number of these hyphse and the 

 broadening of their free ends. 



The lamellEe originate as radial, downward-grow- 

 ing salients of the palisade zone, beginning next 

 the stem, in some individuals also arising on the 

 upper part of the stem. Since the growth and in- 

 crease of these parts of the hymenophore, as well 

 as that of the pileus margin, is centrifugal, all 

 stages of the young hymenophore are therefore 

 found in a single individual during an intermedi- 

 ate stage of its development; the zone of gill sa- 

 lients next the stem, followed by the palisade zone, 

 and outside of this the primordial zone. 

 The Large-fruited American OaTcs: William Tre- 



LEASE. 



Belationships of the White Oaks of Eastern North 

 America: M. V. Cobb. 



The Present Need in Systematic Botany: L. H. 

 Bailet. 



A Convenient Porm of Beceiver for Fractional Dis- 

 tillations under Diminished Pressure: Mabston 



T. BOGERT. 



A simple form of apparatus was exhibited and 

 described which permits the collecting and measur- 

 ing of fractions of any size and number. 

 The Cymene Carboxylio Acids: J. E. Tuttle and 



Makston T. Bogert. 



The authors have prepared the two isomeric p- 

 cymene oarboxylic acids, p-cymene 2-carboxylic 

 acid and p-cymene 3-carboxylic acid, from the cor- 

 responding bromo compounds, by the well-known 

 Barbier-Grignard reaction (metallic magnesium 

 and anhydrous ether, followed by carbon dioxide). 



Small amounts of the 2-acid have been obtained 

 heretofore by other investigators, and a few salts 

 have been recorded; but we believe that this is the 

 first time that the acid has been obtained in suffi- 

 cient amount to be extensively studied. The au- 

 thors have prepared, in addition to the free acid, 

 various salts, esters and other derivatives. 



The isomeric 3 -acid appears to be entirely new. 

 Its properties and those of certain of its deriva- 

 tives are described by the authors. 



These acids are members of the benzoic acid 

 series, and this paper is therefore a contribution to 

 our knowledge of a very important group of or- 

 ganic acids. 



Syringio Acid and its Derivatives: E. Plaut and 



Makston T. Bogeet. 



In the bark and leaves of the lUae (Syringa 

 vulgaris), and in the bark of the privet (Ligus- 

 trum vulgare), there occurs a substance which has 

 been called ' ' syringin, " " lilacin " or " ligustrin. ' ' 

 When this substance is oxidized with potassium 

 permanganate, it yields glucosyringio acid, and 

 this latter is easily saponified to dextrose and 

 syringio acid. 



The authors obtained their syringic acid by the 

 method of Bogert and Isham (treating trimethyl 

 gallic acid with fuming sulphuric acid), and have 

 prepared therefrom and studied a number of new 

 derivatives; among them beiag bromo, nitro, 

 amino and hydroxy syringic acids, esters, acetyl 

 derivatives, and ortho condensation products. 



The Relation of Ductless Glands to Dentition and 

 Ossification: William J. Gies. 



Gastro-Intestinal Studies: Philip B. Hawk. 



On the Bate of Evaporation of Ether from Oils 

 and its Application in Oil-ether Colonic An- 

 esthesia: Charles Baskeeville. 

 The rate of evaporation of oil-ether mixtures 

 containing 25, 50 and 75 per cent, of the latter 

 was determined at body temperature. The oils 

 used were olive, peanut, corn, cottonseed, soya 

 bean,- cod liver and lanolin. 



The speed at which the ether evaporated from 

 the 75 per cent, mixture was found clinically to be 

 the best for introducing and maintaining anesthesia 

 in the human subject by insertion in the colon. 

 The technique is indicated for operations about 

 the head, throat, mouth and the buccal cavity. 



Dr. Gwathmey, the senior colaborator has rec- 

 ords of over a thousand cases with different opera- 

 tors without a single case of post-anesthesia pneu- 

 monia and with nausea reduced to the min imum . 



