SCIENCE 



CONTENTS THE STUDY OF TSE STABS^ 



The object of the American Association 

 is the advancement of science. This is a 

 very different matter from the diffusion of 

 human knowledge. The universities and 

 colleges provide liberally for the latter sub- 

 ject, but neglect the former almost en- 

 tirely. Science is advanced by many indi- 

 viduals who hold offices in the universities, 

 but seldom as a part of their official duties. 

 Few professors are allowed to regard re- 

 search as a portion of their college work, 

 and still less frequently are appropriations 

 made or funds provided for original in- 

 vestigation. Astronomy is almost the only 

 exception to this rule, and even here in gen- 

 eral, the time of the officers is mainly de- 

 voted to teaching. Observatories devoted 

 to research like McCormick, Lick and Har- 

 vard are supported by funds given specifi- 

 cally for their use, and receive little, or no 

 aid, from the general funds of the universi- 

 ties with which they are associated. It is 

 probable that American universities devote 

 one hundred times as much money to the 

 diffusion of human knowledge, as to its ad- 

 vancement. The great progress made in 

 America in some departments of astronomy 

 is due to the fact that certain wealthy men 

 and women have been willing to give large 

 sums of money for this object. No other 

 country is so fortunate in this respect, al- 

 though in recent years in Germany large 

 appropriations are being made by the gov- 

 ernment for similar purposes. 



The income of certain funds like the 

 Elizabeth Thompson, Bache and Watson 



vroo . . J i , 1 ^ Address of the President of the American As- 



M8b. intended for publication and boots, etc., intended for „ • . . » . v » 3 i ^ o, • . , 



renew should be sent to ProfeMor J. McKee;Cattell.G»rri.on- SO^^ti"" ^0"^ *e Advancement of Science, At- 



•n-Hudson. N. Y. lanta, December 29, 1913. 



FRroAY, January 2, 1914 



The American Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science: — 



The Study of the Stars: Professor Edward 

 C. Pickering 1 



Progress of the Chemistry of Agriculture: 

 Db. G. S. FRAPS 9 



The New York State Veterinary College at 

 Cornell University: Propessor Veranus A. 

 Moore 14 



Stereoscopic Effects in Photography 17 



Soientifio Notes and News 8 



University and Educational News 21 



Discussion and Correspondence : — 



Reply to a Secent Critique of an Old Re- 

 view in Science: Professor L. E. Dickson. 

 A Rejoinder to Dr. Davenport : David Heron. 22 



Scientific Books: — 



Wood's Researches in Physical Optics: Pro- 

 fessor Henry Crew. Jacoby's Astron- 

 omy: Professor S. I. Bailey. Elliot's Re- 

 view of the Primates: Dr. Gerrit S. Miller 25 



Notes on Meteorology and Climatology: — 

 Dynamic Pressure Units; Radiation and 

 Cloud Growth; Excessive Precipitation; 

 Some Recent Publications; Notes: Charles 

 F. Brooks 31 



Special Articles: — 



Mutation in Tobacco: H. K. Hates, E. J. 

 Beinhart. Real and Apparent Nitrifying 

 Powers: Dr. P. L. Gainey. On the Appar- 

 ent Absence of Apogamy in Oenothera: Dr. 

 R. R. Gates 34 



Societies and Academies: — 



The American Philosophical Society 38 



