148 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIX.-No. 995 



tion of the French. No other mother tongue than 

 the eight thus far enumerated furnishes as much 

 as 2 per cent, of the total of the foreign white 

 stock of the United States, or numbers as much as 

 1,000,000. The eight major mother-tongue stocks 

 already named account for 87.5 per cent, of the 

 total foreign white stock. 



How small a factor the "new" immigration 

 from southern and eastern Europe really is up to 

 the present time, may be better shown by com- 

 paring it with the total white population of the 

 United States. Taking as 100 per cent, the total 

 white population of the United States in 1910, 

 numbering 81,731,957, the so-called "native 

 stock ' ' constitutes 60.5 per cent, and the three 

 great linguistic families of foreign stock from 

 northwestern Europe constitute 27.1 per cent., ma- 

 king a total of 87.6 per cent. The elements from 

 southern and eastern Europe constitute, therefore, 

 less than 13 per cent, of the total. Of this the two 

 principal Latin mother tongues — the French and 

 the Italian — contribute less than 5 per cent., and 

 the two principal Slavic mother tongues— the 

 Polish and the Bohemian — and the Hebrew, taken 

 together, contribute also less than 5 per cent., 

 leaving to all the remaining mother tongues 

 another 5 per cent, or less of the total. Of the 

 total foreign white stock of the United States, 

 32,243,382, there are 8,817,271 persons who are 

 of German stock when counted according to 

 mother tongue, but a trifle under 8,500,000 

 (8,495,142) of German stock when counted by 

 their country of origin, Germany. 



Immigrants from Austria are far more Slavic 

 than Germanic. Russian immigration is shown to 

 be far more Hebrew (52.3 per cent.) than Rus- 

 sian (2.5 per cent.) or even Slavic. Immigration 

 from Turkey in Europe is not so much Turkish as 

 Greek and Bulgarian. Both the first and the sec- 

 ond generations of immigration from Russia show 

 that over 50 per cent, report Yiddish and He- 

 brew as their mother tongue. The returns for 

 "Yiddish and Hebrew" reflect ethnic composi- 

 tion less satisfactorily than the returns for other 

 mother tongues. A part — how large a part there 

 is no means of judging — of those whose ancestral 

 language is Hebrew doubtless have reported Ger- 

 man, English, Polish or other mother tongues. Of 

 the total number^ of Yiddish-speaking people 838,- 

 193 came from Russia, 144,484 from Austria- 

 Hungary, 41,342 from Roumania, 14,409 from the 

 United Kingdom, and 7,910 from Germany. 



The full list of mother tongues as reported at 



the Thirteenth Census is given for the total for- 

 eign white stock (which includes the foreign born 

 and the natives of foreign or mixed parentage) 

 and for the foreign-born whites separately, as fol- 

 lows : 



Total For- 

 eign Whit Foreign 

 Mother Tongue Stock, 1910 bom White 



AU mother tongues 32,243,382 13,345,545 



English and Celtici 10,037,420 3,363,792 



Germanic : 



German 8,817,271 2,759,032 



Dutch and Frisian 324,930 126,045 



Flemish 44,806 25,780 



Scandinavian : 



Swedish 1,445,869 683,218 



Norwegian 1,009,854 402,587 



Danish 446,473 186,345 



Latin and Greek: 



Italian 2,151,422 1,365,110 



French 1,357,169 528,842 



Spanish 448,198 258,131 



Portuguese 141,268 72,649 



Roumanian 51,124 42,277 



Greek 130,379 118,379 



Slavic and Lettic: 



Polish 1,707,640 943,781 



Bohemian and Moravian. . 539,392 228,738 



Slovak 284,444 166,474 



Russian 95,137 57,926 



Ruthenian 35,359 25,131 



Slovenian 183,431 123,631 



Serbo-Croatian : 



Croatian 93,036 74,036 



Dalmatian 5,505 4,344 



Servian 26,752 23,403 



Montenegrin 3,961 3,886 



Bulgarian 19,380 18,341 



Slavic, n. s 35,195 21,012 



Lithuanian and Lettish.. . 211,235 140,963 

 Miscellaneous : 



Yiddish and Hebrew 1,676,762 1,051,767 



Magyar 320,893 229,094 



Finnish 200,688 120,086 



Armenian 30,021 23,938 



Syrian and Arabic 46,727 32,868 



Turkish 5,441 4,709 



Albanian 2,366 2,312 



All other 790 646 



Unknown 313,044 116,272 



Daniel Folkmar, 



Secretary 



1 Includes persons reporting Irish, Scotch or 

 Welsh. 



