SCIENCE 



Friday, February 6, 1914 



CONTENTS 



National Academies and the Progress of Be- 

 search: Dr. George Ellery Hale 189 



TJi^ Plan of WorTc m Connection with a New 

 Marine Laboratory on the Pacific: William 

 A. Hilton 200 



Win^low Upton: Professor E. C. Archibald. 202 



Scientifio Notes and News 204 



University and Educational News 207 



Discussion and Correspondence : — 



What was the Cause of the EsTcers: Col. 

 •John Millis. Matter and Memory: Be. 

 WiLLARD J. EiSHER. Lag and Lead with a 

 Braun Tube: John Fred. Mohler. Ichthyo- 

 samrian Rem-ains in the Benton Cretaceous: 

 Charles W. Gilmore. A Misnamed Por- 

 trait of John Shaw Billings: Professor 

 Bdet G. Wilder, i 208 



Sdentifio Books: — 

 Zeeman's Besearches in Magneto-optics: 

 Professor Arthur S. King. Geikie on 

 Mountains, their Origin, Growth and Decay: 

 Professor John J. Stevenson. Bock on the 

 Indigenous Trees of the Hawaiian Islands: 

 Professor Charles E. Bessey. Lankester's 

 Science from an Easy Chair: Professor T. 



D. A. COCKERBLL 211 



Special Articles: — 

 A Note on Sex Determination: Professor 

 G. H. Parker 215 



T]ie Federation of American Societies for Ex- 

 perimental Biology: Professor A. J. Carl- 

 son 217 



The American Society of Biological Chemists: 

 Dr. p. a. Shaffer 218 



TJie American Association of Economic Ento- 

 mologists : A. P. Burgess 220 



The American Philosophical Society: Pro- 

 fessor E. G. Spaulding 221 



Tlie Southern Society for Philosophy and 

 Psychology : Professor W. C. Euediger. . . . 222 



Societies and Academies: — 



The Anthropological Society of Washington : 

 Dr. Daniel Folkmar. The Entomological 

 Society of Washington. The Philosophical 

 Society of the University of Virginia: Dr. 

 L, G. Hoxton. The Science Club of the 

 University of Wisconsin: Dr. Eric R. 

 Miller 



MSS. int«Bde«i for puklicatiOH and books, etc., intended for 

 r«Ti«w skonld be sent to Professor J. McKeen Cattell, Garrison- 

 On-Hndson, N. Y. 



NATIONAL ACADEMIES AND THE FBOG- 

 BESS OF BESEABCm 



11. THE FIRST HALF CENTURY OP THE NA- 

 TIONAL ACADEMY OP SCIENCES 



In tie days preceding the American Revo- 

 lution, the Royal Society was to this coun- 

 try what it still is to the existing British 

 Colonies: the central and authoritative 

 representative of scientific research.- 

 Americans eminent for their contributions 

 to science were elected Fellows, and their 

 papers appeared in the Philosophical Tram- 

 sactions. The list of colonial Fellows in- 

 cludes Cotton Mather, Bowdoin, Dudley, 

 and the three Winthrops in New England ; 

 Franklin, Rittenhouse and Morgan in 

 Pennsylvania; Banister, Clayton, Mitchell 

 and Bird, in Virginia, and Garden and 

 Williamson in the Carolinas. But sodistant 

 a body could not meet all local needs. Thiis 

 Franklin, active in every field, undertook 

 the organization of the American Philo- 

 sophical Society in 1743, some years before 

 its time, as its early demise proved. In 1766 

 the American Society held at Philadelphia 

 for Promoting Useful Knowledg» was 

 established and Franklin, then in Europe, 

 was elected its first president. In the mean- 

 time the earlier society was revived, and 



1 For most of the material in tlie following pages 

 the writer is indebted to a history of the "First 

 Half Century of the National Academy of Sci- 

 ences," prepared and edited by Frederick W. 

 True in connection with the recent celebration of 

 the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the 

 academy. 



2 See an excellent article by G. Browne Goode, 

 from which the data used in the introduction of the 

 present paper are taken : ' ' The Origin of the Na- 

 tional Scientific and Educational Institutions of the 

 United States," Annual Eeport of the American 

 Historical Association for 1889. 





^ 



r=' _. 



