Maech 13, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



403 



are in some cases at least unsuited for use on 

 edible oils and the converse is also true. Most 

 fuller's earth gives a taste and odor to edible 

 oils, but it is now known that this can be re- 

 moved by blowing dry steam through the refined 

 oil heated above the boiling point of water. Some 

 fuller's earths have so rapid an oxidizing effect 

 on edible oils that the mass takes fire when air is 

 blown through to force out the oil remaining in 

 the earth after treatment. This defect in the 

 earth can not at present be remedied. 



In the United States fuller 's earth was produced 

 during 1912 by seven states. Of these one, Massa- 

 chusetts, is an eastern state; two, California and 

 Colorado, are western states; and four, Arkansas, 

 Florida, Georgia and Texas, are southern states. 

 The total output of fuller's earth in the United 

 States during 1912 according to the United States 

 Geological Survey was 32,71.5 tons, all of which 

 with the exception of one or two thousand tons is 

 from the four southern states named, by far the 

 largest part, probably as much as 25,000 tons, 

 being produced in Florida. 



The Clay, Bride, Pottery and Bmixiie in Tennes- 

 see: Wilbur A. Nelson. 



A general account of the clay resources of Ten- 

 nessee, giving the location of ball-clay deposits in 

 west Tennessee, and some recent tests made by the 

 Tennessee Geological Survey. Also a general ac- 

 count of the brick and pottery industry, and a 

 brief description of the bauxite deposits of east 

 Tennessee. 

 The Tripoli Deposits of Tennessee: L. G. Glenn. 



Extensive deposits of tripoli are found in the 

 Watanga shales of the Cambrian. They are the 

 result of the leaching under surface influences of 

 siliceous-argillaceous limestone beds, one of which 

 is some forty feet thick and of very considerable 

 length. The beds, of which six are known, dip at 

 high angles. The depth to which they have 

 weathered is not determined but is known to ex- 

 ceed fifty feet. The material is very similar to 

 the tripoli now marketed for general scouring and 

 polishing purposes. 

 The Occurrence, Conservation and Utilization of 



Certain Non-metallic Minerals of the Southern 



States: Joseph Hyde Peatt. 

 The Iron Ores of the Southern States: William 



B. Phillips. 

 The Zinc Deposits of Tennessee: A. H. Purdue. 



This paper gives the location of the zinc ores, 

 extent of their area, occurrence and instructions 

 as to prospecting; gives a brief history of zinc 



mining in Tennessee, with prominent mention of 

 the old Embreeville mine, and also describes the 

 present mining conditions and output. 

 The Copper Resources of the Southern States: C. 



H. GOEDON. 



This paper is an attempt to present briefly the 

 present condition of our knowledge of the copper 

 resources of the southern states. 



Copper minerals are of widespread and general 

 occurrence both in geographic position and in geo- 

 logic age but the deposits of known age that have 

 made important contributions to the country 's 

 output can be referred to four periods which in 

 general correspond to periods of igneous activity, 

 viz., the Precambrian periods, the Paleozoic era, 

 the Mesozoie era and the Tertiary period. The 

 chief Appalachian deposits belong to the Paleozoic 

 era and constitute practically all the known de- 

 posits referable to this era. 



As to their geologic relations the deposits of 

 the southern states may be classed under four 

 groups as follows: (1) Lenticular deposits in 

 schistose rocks. These include mainly deposits 

 of the sulphides of iron, copper and zinc in len- 

 ticular bodies in schistose rocks comprising in 

 part altered sedimentary rocks and in part altered 

 igneous masses of basic and acid types. (2) De- 

 posits in fractured and breeeiated zones. These 

 include deposits in fissure veins and deposits 

 formed in breeeiated zones. (3) Deposits of na- 

 tive copper and cuprite disseminated in igne- 

 ous rocks. Under this head are grouped deposits 

 in which the cojjper occurs chiefly in the form of 

 cuprite and native copper distributed along joint 

 planes and crevices, and as disseminated grains in 

 igneous rocks of basaltic type. (4) Disseminated 

 deposits in the Red Beds of the Triassic area. 

 These consist for the most part of films and thin 

 coatings of malachite on joint faces and grains of 

 sulphide and phosphate disseminated through the 

 rock. 



The chief deposits of the southern states belong 

 to the first and second classes. Ninety-five and 

 one half per cent, of the production of these states 

 comes from the district of Duektown in Tennessee. 

 Of the remainder over two thirds is recovered as 

 a by-product in the dressing of the lead ores of 

 Missouri. 

 Physiographic Conditions that have Contributed 



to the Making of Atlanta: Collier Cobb. 

 A Biological and Physiographic Reconnaissance of 

 the Okefenoke Swamp: J. Chester Bradley. 

 (Illustrated with colored slides.) 



