March 20, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



409 



development and maintenance of physical 

 fitness in the avoidance of disease and in 

 the care of her wounded during the Russo- 

 Japanese war startled the world. It is, 

 however, only one of the many examples of 

 the phenomenal advance which has resulted 

 from her most painstaking and patient ef- 

 forts to carry out, systematically and in 

 detail, a carefully designed and fully ma- 

 tured plan for securing national efficiency. 



The value of such a far-sighted nation- 

 wide scheme is to be seen in the present 

 most wonderful economic and social revolu- 

 tion which is being effected in Germany. 

 The careful preparation in advance of a pro- 

 gram by which the state recognizes and pro- 

 vides education in all its stages and in all 

 its phases, from the highest cultural devel- 

 opment to the most practical industrial 

 training, is to be credited with the marvel- 

 ous progress of this country. 



It does not suffice to leave to private 

 effort and volunteer organization the provi- 

 sion of sources of culture and scientific 

 study which may or may not become 

 directly related to the practical upbuilding 

 of a people. If the state assumes any 

 responsibility at all for education, scientific 

 research, investigation, cultural develop- 

 ment and art, she should coordinate her 

 various mechanisms, and see that aU pos- 

 sible avenues are opened for the direct as 

 well as the indirect benefit of the whole 

 people. 



Great Britain, though somewhat late in 

 recognizing that education is apt to lag be- 

 hind instead of dominating social and in- 

 dustrial relations, is rapidly establishing 

 provincial universities and agricultural and 

 technical schools which are being extended 

 in scope and increased in number. The 

 prestige of having the finest cultural 

 centers in the world without available 

 channels for conveying direct to all the peo- 



ple the knowledge of the few, was not 

 meeting her needs. 



The development of the state university 

 in the United States and its orientation in 

 the educational system of the common- 

 wealth has been the cause of amazement to 

 the whole world, including some of the older 

 seats of learning in that country itself. 



Beginning with Ontario, Canada is devel- 

 oping a system of state or provincial uni- 

 versities. She has every reason to feel 

 proud of those provinces which have taken 

 up this logical and natural as also inevi- 

 table function, and no university in Amer- 

 ica, whether supported by state or private 

 endowment, has developed finer standards 

 or achieved more real success than the 

 University of Toronto. 



In order to meet her many peculiar con- 

 ditions, some of which have been already 

 mentioned, Canada must bring to her work 

 all the help which can be afforded by the 

 other nations of the world. She draws 

 her citizens largely from them. Some of 

 these are capable of adding immediately to 

 Canadian cultural and scientific prestige. 

 Many, however, must be regarded simply 

 as raw material, brought to Canada for the 

 purpose of their individual and collective 

 improvement. 



To hasten the process of Canadianizing 

 them and to derive the greatest national 

 profit from the best and the worst in the 

 shortest possible time are most important. 



If we are not satisfied to wait until the 

 second or third generation for results, we 

 must provide leaders who know conditions 

 in both lands. The best brains of their 

 countries may be used to leaven our land. 

 They and Canada's strongest sons who 

 have been trained in both lands are needed 

 in our universities and schools. 



The example of Japan in this matter is 

 worthy of our emulation if we are to take 

 and keep our place with other nations and 



