428 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIX. No. 1003 



(2Y8 ff.). To be sure these terms are usually 

 set off in quotation marks like the pseudonyms 

 of notorious criminals. In many cases it is 

 only fair to interpret them as a shorthand 

 symbol for a physiological condition. But it 

 does not seem legitimate to distinguish be- 

 tween various sorts of reaction on the basis of 

 subjective conceptions (such as joy and sad- 

 ness, p. 60, anxiety, dissatisfaction, etc., p. Ill) 

 unless some clear physiological differentiae of 

 these hedonic states have first been determined. 

 This the author often neglects to do. He 

 gives physiological descriptions rather than 

 physiological definitions of these terms; even 

 when he substitutes the terms sthenic and 

 asthenic for pleasure and pain his criterion is 

 apparently subjective. It is scarcely fair to 

 repudiate subjective psychology, and at the 

 same time to employ subjective hedonic data 

 to differentiate between various modes of 

 reaction. 



The book needs considerable condensation. 

 Too much space is devoted to details of par- 

 ticular laboratory experiments, which could 

 be summed up in a few sentences with proper 

 references. The German translation is satis- 

 factory except in the transliteration of proper 

 names from the Eussian alphabet. The names 

 of several well-known writers are inexcusably 

 misspelled; for example, Dadge (for Dodge), 

 Fallerton (Fullerton), Merrillier (Mariller), 

 Burden (Bourdon) and Hawding (Hoffding). 

 In one place the values of the time threshold 

 are given in seconds instead of thousandths 

 (422). 



It is clearly too soon to attempt an estimate 

 of such a new departure from beaten paths as 

 this work affords. The contemporary " sub- 

 jective " psychologist of whatever type is not 

 yet sufficiently grounded in behaviorism to 

 evaluate its merits. But however critical of 

 the objective standpoint the reader may be, he 

 will find Bechterew's book worth a very care- 

 ful study. Howard C. Wakhen 



Peinceton University 



The Fisheries of the Province of Quebec. 

 Part 1. Historical Introduction. By E. T. 

 D. Chambers. (Published by the Depart- 



ment of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries 



of the Province of Quebec.) 



To any one interested in the history of 

 Canada and the historical development of 

 what was its first and long its chief industry 

 (and would be still were it not for the demand 

 of the newspapers on the Canadian forests), 

 Mr. Chambers's worki is fascinating. The 

 author has brought together, from whatever 

 source and with infinite pains, abundant ex- 

 cerpts from ancient relations, with ancient 

 illustrations and contemporary portraiture 

 bearing upon the historic pursuit of the cod 

 and its confreres in the Quebec waters. The 

 golden cod on the Boston State House em- 

 blazons a fact that is easily and rather wit- 

 tingly forgotten: that the Mayflower colonists 

 and their successors came to that rock-bound 

 coast to worship God in their own way; but 

 "So God have my soul," said the High and 

 Mighty Prince James, when the Leyden 

 agents of the Puritans told him they were to 

 go to " Virginia " for the fishing, " 'tis an 

 honest trade; 'twas the Apostles' own calling." 

 So they came to fish for cod as well as to wor- 

 ship in their chosen way, while the sturdy 

 Bretons and Normans who had reached the 

 Quebec coast long years before came simply 

 to fish for cod. 



There is romance of history in the Quebec 

 fishing, for it is " more than four hundred 

 years since Basque and Breton fishermen 

 gathered the first harvest of the sea from the 

 waters that wash the coasts of Labrador and 

 Gaspe." Cartier, penetrating the straits of 

 Belleisle into the GuH in 1534, met a Norman 

 fisher; and after his day, as soon as the wealth 

 of the new French waters became known at 

 home, the men of St. Malo, Honfleur and the 

 Biscayan ports flocked to these shores in great 

 numbers. Even after the conquest the Quebec 

 fishing remained French; while the fishing 

 masters came out from the Channel islands 

 and their descendants to-day still control the 

 industry. 



In giving the descriptive records of ancient 

 procedures, Mr. Chambers has assembled a 

 really large part of the active industrial his- 

 tory of maritime Quebec during its romantic 



