Mat 15, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



711 



A good deal of emphasis is placed upon tbe 

 effort to promote the formation of habits of 

 outdoor exercise and recreation among the 

 upper classmen. This is done by organizing 

 classes for voluntary work in various branches 

 of physical education and by encouraging the 

 organization of teams for athletic competi- 

 tion. In the development of these intra-mural 

 athletic activities, advantage is taken of every 

 natural student division as a basis for the 

 organization of teams, with the result that 

 there were during the past year 145 organized 

 teams playing regular schedules for the cham- 

 pionships of various groups; and throughout 

 the year there were more than 1,300 men, 

 counting the duplications on various teams 

 during the different seasons, and not counting 

 those who were on the various varsity squads, 

 who took part in these contests. Competi- 

 tions were conducted in swimming, water 

 polo, relay racing, rowing, basket ball and 

 baseball. The above statement does not in- 

 clude the large number of students who take 

 part in individual contests in boxing, wres- 

 tling, tennis, goK and swimming. 



This plan of guarding and promoting stu- 

 dent health has been developed under the 

 stimulus of the conviction that an educational 

 institution has a real responsibility for the 

 physical weKare of its students ; that health is 

 an educational factor of prime importance; 

 that a student not entirely well is working 

 under a handicap and is lowering the efficiency 

 of the institution; and that a healthy body is 

 one of the first essentials of clear thinking, 

 clean living and efficient citizenship. 



Joseph E. Eaycroft 



Princeton University 



TBE GOVERNMENT OF LEABNED 

 SOCIETIES 

 In connection with the work of a committee 

 of the American Psychological Association I 

 wrote a year ago to the secretaries of aU the 

 " learned societies " listed in the World Alma- 

 nac asking how their officers were elected and 

 whether the method was satisfactory. With 

 very great courtesy almost every secretary 

 answered my first question (though one or two 



copies of constitutions failed to reach me), and 

 most of them answered the second. The result 

 is that I find myself with an amount of mate- 

 rial which it seems well worth while to put 

 together in print. 



The sixty-eight " learned societies " here 

 listed can be divided according to their method 

 of electing officers into some nine groups, as 

 follows. 



Group A. — In the following associations 

 officers are elected by the governing board. 



American Academy of Political and Social 

 Science. Officers are elected by (9) directors, 

 one third of whom are elected annually to 

 serve three years. 



American Antiquarian Society. 



American Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science. Officers are elected from 

 fellows by general committee, which consists 

 of council plus one fellow or member elected 

 by each section. Council consists of certain 

 present and past officers, feUows elected by 

 sections and affiliated societies, and nine fel- 

 lows elected by the council. Permanent secre- 

 tary, secretaries of sections and treasurer hold 

 office for five years. 



Archseological Institute of America. Officers 

 are elected by council, which is composed of 

 general officers and delegates from local affili- 

 ated societies. Executive committee is partly 

 ex-officio, partly elected by council at annual 

 meeting. 



American Numismatic Society. Council 

 elects officers. Members of council are nomi- 

 nated from the floor and elected by ballot. 



National Association for the Study and Pre- 

 vention of Tuberculosis. Officers are elected 

 annually by board of sixty directors on nomi- 

 nation of committee appointed by chair. One 

 fifth of directors are elected at each annual 

 meeting. 



National Geographic Society. Managers 

 elect officers. Eight of the twenty-four man- 

 agers are elected at each annual meeting to 

 serve three years. A majority of the votes 

 cast is necessary for election. 



New York Zoological Society. Officers and 

 executive committee are elected by managers. 

 Executive committee appoints a nominating 



