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SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIX. No. 1011 



The Foraminifera (Josepli A. Cushman) 

 have been given a fuller introductory discus- 

 sion and the classification is essentially made 

 over. Though without additional illustration, 

 the chapter is essentially new. 



The Porifera have been amplified (by the 

 author-editor) with additions on the Hexacti- 

 nellids, and it is interesting to note the eleva- 

 tion of Beceptaculites and Ischadites from a 

 footnote to a place in the text body. 



Kegarding the Anthozoa, which have been 

 revised by T. Wayland Vaughan, the editor 

 remarks that the classification adopted, " al- 

 though perhaps as good as any available, is 

 tentative in character." Among the Tetra- 

 coralla there are few changes; in the Hexa- 

 coralla Dr. Vaughan has added some impor- 

 tant text and illustrations in the general 

 discussion and in the classification are some 

 noteworthy alterations. We notice the family 

 Fungidse and its allies created into a sub- 

 order Fungida, and the omission of the 

 Madreporidse (on the assumption that they do 

 not occur fossil). The extensive array of 

 tabulate corals or favositids is no longer an 

 " appendix to the Hexacoralla " as in the 

 first edition, but more conservatively ex- 

 pressed as an " appendix to the Anthozoa." 

 Into this group Chwtetes is admitted, but 

 Monticulipora, Fistuliporai and their allies 

 are put back again among the Bryozoa. 



The Graptolitoidea (E. Euedemann) for- 

 merly standing in an " Appendix to the Cam- 

 panularise," are likewise more broadly con- 

 sidered as a " Class or Subclass of the Hydro- 

 medusa." This chapter has been considerably 

 enlarged in text and illustration and the tax- 

 onomy rectified by substituting for the oddly 

 incongruous suhordinal terms of the early 

 edition Monoprionidse, Diprionidse, etc., the 

 classification wrought out in the author's well- 

 known memoir on these organisms. 



The Vermes have been amplified by the in- 

 troduction of Walcott's recent remarkable dis- 

 coveries in the Cambrian. 



A number of collaborators have revised the 

 Echinodermata : Frank Springer, the Cystoi- 

 dea, Blastoidea and Paleozoic Crinoidea; Mr. 

 Springer, with A. H. Clark, the Post-paleozoic 



Crinoidea; H. L. Clark, the Asteroidea and 

 Holothuroidea, and E. T. Jackson, the Echi- 

 noidea. These are distinguished authorities 

 and the amendments they have made must be 

 regarded as well up to the present state of 

 knowledge of these groups. In Mr. Springer's 

 part of the work there is an enlargement of 

 about nineteen pages, and in the classification 

 of the Crinoidea the two authors have re- 

 arranged the divisions in better harmony 

 with their geological succession and their 

 recognized structural relation. A striking 

 feature is the inclusion of the stalked penta- 

 crinites and the unstalked comatulids in one 

 family and the union of the genera Marsupites 

 and Uintacrinus with the comatulids. 



A singular and rather confusing thing in 

 this connection is an incongruity in classifica- 

 tion which must have escaped the author's eye. 

 The family Pentacrinidse is divided into three 

 sections, one of which, the " comatulids," is 

 divided into three " tribes." The second of 

 these tribes is made to contain many genera 

 grouped into a large number of different 

 families. 



Mr. H. L. Clark has given an entirely new 

 classification of the Asterozoa and has ampli- 

 fied the chapter on the Holothurians, inclu- 

 ding even the Cambrian species discovered by 

 Walcott, though he has elsewhere gone on 

 record as doubting the echinoderm nature of 

 these fossils. 



The Echinoidea have been brought up to 

 the stage of Dr. Jackson's exhaustive knowl- 

 edge of the group, expressed in his recent ela- 

 borate treatise on these bodies. New cuts are 

 introduced, some showing structural characters 

 of the group as a whole and others representa- 

 tive Paleozoic echini. In the classification the 

 arrangement is in natural phylogenetic 

 sequence based on a comparative study of 

 development and adult structures. 



In the Bryozoa by E. S. Bassler, the Monti- 

 culipoToids, which in the last edition were 

 made to appear in the " double and daring 

 act " of both Bryozoa and Anthozoa, are now 

 excluded from the latter, as just observed, be- 

 cause of the recent demonstration of their 

 early budding phases. A revised classification 



