780 



SCIENCE 



[N. S. Vol. XXXIX. No. 1013 



Metropolitan Water Supply, and numerous other 

 similar problems of perhaps secondary importance, 

 such as the improvement of the Neponset River 

 Valley, of the Concord and Sudbury rivers, of the 

 sanitary conditions as respects water supply, sew- 

 erage, and sewerage disposal of many cities and 

 towns which have been devised by the committee 

 on water supply and sewerage of the Board of 

 Health, of which Mr. Hiram ¥. Mills is chairman, 

 and carried out in connection with its recommen- 

 dations under your chairmanship of the board. 



Since the reestablishment of the State Board of 

 Health in 1886, imder your chairmanship, it has 

 been the custom of the legislature to refer all im- 

 portant sanitary questions to that board for in- 

 vestigation and advice, instead of creating special 

 commissions, as obtains in many states. This cus- 

 tom, under your wise administration, has doubtless 

 saved much money to the state and, at the same 

 time, secured sanitary improvements recognized in 

 all civilized countries as the best of their class. 



The investigations and recommendations of the 

 board have commended themselves to the legisla- 

 ture and in general have been carried out ulti- 

 mately as presented. 



Prom 1886 to the present time, you have been 

 constantly 'and steadfastly facing these great and 

 grave problems. Since 1895 when the State Board 

 of Health made its report to the legislature, pre- 

 senting a plan for the water supply of the city of 

 Boston and the surrounding cities and towns, have 

 been added to your responsibilities those of a com- 

 missionership on the Metropolitan Water Board. 

 You have borne the responsibilities both of recom- 

 mendation and of execution. . . . 



You have met the responsibilities then assumed 

 with such wisdom, discretion and rare modesty, as 

 to make the task of your successor who would up- 

 hold the standards bequeathed to him a difficult 

 one indeed. 



THE EIGHTH SEPOBT OF THE CASNEGIE 

 FOUNDATION FOB THE ADVANCE- 

 MENT OF TEACHING 



The eighth annual report of the president 

 of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advance- 

 ment of Teaching- shoves a total endowment of 

 $15,325,000, and an expenditure for the year 

 ending September 30, 1913, of $658,431. Of 

 this $519,440 were distributed in retiring 

 allowances to professors, and $80,949 in pen- 

 sions to their widows, a total of $600,390. 

 Thirty-three allowances were granted during' 



the year, making the total in force 403, the 

 average annual payment to an individual being 

 $1,703. The total distribution from the begin- 

 ning has been $2,936,927. The educational 

 work of the foundation was separately endowed 

 in January, 1913, by a gift of $1,250,000 from 

 Mr. Carnegie through the Carnegie Corpora- 

 tion of New York. This body, which is en- 

 dowed with one hundred and twenty-five 

 million dollars for " the advancement and 

 diffusion of knowledge and understanding," 

 has five ex-ofEcio trustees, of whom one must 

 always be the president of the Carnegie 

 Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. 



In connection with the foundation's work as 

 a center of information concerning pensions, 

 the president discusses pension systems that 

 are maintained by half a dozen colleges, the 

 development of new systems at Brown Uni- 

 versity, the Rockefeller Institute, and the 

 American Museum of Natural History, the 

 new federated pension system of the English 

 universities, and the proposed system for the 

 clergy of the Episcopal Church. Among pen- 

 sions for public school teachers the report 

 discusses the misfortunes of the New York 

 City system, and commends the plans of the 

 new state system in Massachusetts. 



Much of the report is devoted to the develop- 

 ment of the educational work of the foundation 

 into a separate division of educational en- 

 quiry. Its recent work includes a study of 

 education in Vermont at the request of the 

 Vermont Educational Commission, of legal 

 education at the request of a committee of the 

 American Bar Association, and of engineer- 

 ing education at the request of a joint com- 

 mittee representing the national engineering 

 societies. 



The study of education in Vermont, already 

 distributed, represents the first survey that 

 has been made of a state's educational activ- 

 ities as a whole. The study of legal education 

 has been begun by a first-hand enquiry into 

 the bar examinations of every state, a special 

 study of legal teaching by Professor Josef 

 Eedlich, who came from Vienna for the pur- 

 pose, and by a personal examination of each of 

 the 160 law schools in the country. Plans for 



