June 5, 1914] 



SCIENCE 



843 



The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary in, the Bocky 

 Mountain Region: F. H. Knowlton. (Intro- 

 duced by Professor John M. Clarke.) 

 As a result of certain stratigraphie and paleo- 

 botanieal work in the Eocky Mountain region, Mr. 

 Knowlton became convinced some years ago that 

 the then accepted boundary line between Cretaceous 

 and Tertiary would require readjustment to bring 

 it in harmony with ascertained facts. Evidence 

 bearing on this point has been cumulative, and as 

 a final result he feels justified in presenting and 

 defending the following thesis: The dinosaur- 

 bearing beds known as the Ceratops beds. Lance 

 Creek beds, Lance formation. Hell Creek beds. 

 Somber beds. Lower Fort Union, Laramie of many 

 writers, Upper Laramie, Arapahoe, Denver, Daw- 

 son, and their equivalents, are above a major time 

 break and are Tertiary in age. Stratigraphie, dia- 

 strophic and paleontologic evidence in support of 

 this contention were presented. 



The Geologic and Biologic Results of a Study of 

 the Tertiary Floras of Southeastern North 

 America: Edwakd W. Berry. (Introduced by 

 Professor William B. Clarke.) 

 The results of several years of study of the ex- 

 ceedingly rich Tertiary floras of southeastern 

 North America were announced for the first time. 

 Their botanical relationships and their bearing on 

 the evolution of types and upon geographical dis- 

 tribution were summarized. The geological results 

 include the recognition of hitherto unknown inter- 

 vals during which many thousands of square miles 

 were above sea-level. These studies have also af- 

 forded for the first time fossil floras of fixed 

 stratigraphie position for comparison with the 

 floras of the Eocky Mountain Province on the 

 border between the Cretaceous and the Tertiary 

 whose age has been the occasion of several decades 

 of controversy. They also afford means for corre- 

 lation with the type section of the Paris basin, 

 and likewise furnish a large body of evidence 

 bearing upon geological climates and other physical 

 features of the past. 



The Burgess Shale Fauna of the Canadian Bock- 



ies: Charles D. Walcott. 

 On Multiple Treatment of One and the Same Story 



"Motif": Maurice Bloompield. 

 Some Biblical Miracles: Paul Haupt. 

 The Sumerian Pronunciation of the Name ' ' Ninib ' ' 



as the Chief Deity of Umma: Alfred T. Clay. 

 Panama Tolls and Tonnage Rules: Emoey E. 



Johnson. 



SATURDAY, APRIL 25 



Afternoon Session — 2 o'clocTc 



William W. Keen, M.D., LL.D., President, in 

 the chair. 



Unveiling of a medallion portrait of the late 

 Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, O.M., G.C.S.I., C.B., by 

 William G. Parlow. 



Symposium on Physics and Chemistry of Proto- 

 plasm — 



The Germ Plasm as a Stereochemic System: 

 Edward T. Eeichert. (Introduced by Dr. 

 Keen.) 



Arrangement and Distribution of Substances in 

 the Cell: Edwin Grant Conklin. 



Vital Staining of Protoplasm: Herbert Mc- 

 Lean Evans. (Introduced by Professor Pier- 

 sol.) 



Protoplasm does not exist as a substance, but 

 only as an organism ; it is never found in the mass, 

 but only in the form of cells. Even the simplest 

 cells are complex structures consisting of many 

 parts. In practically all cells there is a central 

 portion, the nucleus, which is sharply marked off 

 from the surrounding portion or cell body. Each 

 of these portions is further subdivided into dif- 

 ferent parts or substances; the most constant dif- 

 ferentiations of the nucleus are chromatin and 

 achromatin, of the cell body cytoplasm and meta- 

 plasm. Other differentiations which are fre- 

 quently present are eentrosomes or division centers, 

 with surrounding archiplasm, cell membranes, 

 cortical layer of cytoplasm, central cytoplasm and 

 perninuclear plasm. 



The relative positions of different cell constitu- 

 ents vary in different kinds of cells, and in the 

 same cell at different phases of cell life or under 

 different environmental conditions. In cells which 

 are not dividing the nucleus usually lies near the 

 center of the cytoplasm, though it may be eccen- 

 tric toward the side on which nutriment is re- 

 ceived and away from the free border of epithelial 

 cells. The centrosome usually lies at the pole 

 opposite the nucleus and toward the free border 

 of epithelial cells. The chief cell axis is the line 

 connecting centrosome and nucleus. Thus many 

 cells have a definite polarity. 



In some plant and animal cells the contents cir- 

 culate in a more or less definite manner; this is 

 called cyclosis. In dividing cells the movements 

 of cell contents are most marked, the movements 

 taking place largely around the eentrosomes which 

 serve as centers of diffusion currents. These dif- 

 fusion currents start at the time when the sub- 



