Jury 14, 1899. ] 
however, look for objections from the spe- 
cialists whose work has carried them far 
beyond the somewhat old-fashioned group- 
ing of subjects here adopted, and it becomes 
our duty to inquire whether or not it is ad- 
visable at this time to still further modern- 
ize the classification proposed. 
The primary divisions made by the com- 
mittee are as follows: 
I.—Bibliography (including philosophy, history, 
biography, dictionaries, text-hbooks, pedagogy, ad- 
dresses, lectures, essays and works on method. 
IJ.—External Morphology and Organogeny (includ- 
ing this consideration of the vegetative and repro- 
ductive organs, alternation of generations,and tera- 
tology ). 
III.—Anatomy. Development and Cytology (includ- 
ing this consideration of the vegetative and repro- 
ductive organs, embryology, anatomy and dev glee 
ment of tissues and cytology ). 
IV.—Physiology (including the physiology of (a) 
the vegetative organs and (0) the physiology of re- 
production). 
V. —Pathology (including diseases due to malnutri- 
tion, to other plants, to animals, to other or un- 
known causes, wounds, reparative processes, galls, 
treatment of diseases). 
VI.—Evolution (including heredity, variation, natural 
and artificial selection, degeneration, phylogeny). 
VII.—Taxonomy (including general works on sys- 
tematic botany, nomenclature, etc., and those re- 
lating to plants falling under any of the great plant 
groups from Dicotyledons down to Bacteria and 
Mycetozoa ). 
VIII.—Geographie Distribution (including general 
works, local floras grouped by countries, and plank- 
ton botany grouped into temperature zones). 
When we attentively consider the fore- 
going we note that : 
1. The first division is made to include 
much more than bibliography; in fact, one 
may well wonder why Philosophy is in- 
cluded here rather than under Evolution ; 
why Text-books are not entered in one or 
more places under the ‘General Works,’ 
for which provision is made in each di- 
vision ; and why Lectures and Essays should 
not be similarly distributed according to the 
subjects of which they treat. 
2. The use of ‘ Anatomy ’ in the sense of 
SCIENCE. 
47 
Histology in the third division will lead to 
confusion. Anatomy as generally under- 
stood refers to the gross ‘structure, as con- 
trasted with minute structure, with which 
Histology concerns itself, and since the 
treatment in the third division is evidently 
intended to be histological it will be better to 
use the more appropriate term—Histology. 
3. In practice there will be much con- 
fusion between Taxonomy and Geographic 
Distribution. The latter, in spite of its 
name, appears not to include what we now 
call Phytogeography or Geophytography ; 
on the contrary, it is rather the geographic 
distribution of the books and papers ; thus 
Gray’s Manual would appear under the sub- 
head ‘North America,’ while Hooker’s 
Student’s Flora would appear under 
‘Europe,’ ete. One is puzzled to know 
what to do with Ellis and Everhart’s 
‘North American Pyrenomycetes’ under 
this scheme; is it to be put under Taxonomy, 
or under Geographic Distribution, with 
other North American floras ? 
4. In regard to minor matters one is com- 
pelled to object to the treatment of the re- 
productive organs. Under ‘ External Mor- 
phology and Organogeny’ we have the fol- 
lowing titles, viz.: Reproductive Organs, 
Flower and Inflorescence, Fruit, Seed, 
Sporangia, Vegetative Organs of Propaga- 
tion, and under ‘Anatomy, Development, 
and Cytology’ we find these heads, viz., 
Reproductive Organs, Flower and Inflores- 
cence, Perianth, Andreecium, Gyncecium, 
Fruit, Seed, Sporangia (Cryptogamic), 
Sexual Organs (Cryptogamic), Vegetative 
Organs of Propagation. With such asched- 
ule what can we do with papers treating of 
the prothallia of Pteridophyta, the uredo- 
spores of the Uredinez, or the bosidio- 
spores of the mushrooms and puff-balls? 
The trouble here is that the schedule is 
either not full enough of particulars or too 
full in certain lines, thus emphasizing the 
want of particularity in others. 
