148 
and vigorously espouses monogenism. The first 
chapters are devoted to this generalized man 
and to the beginning of the historic period. 
But the bulk of the work treats of the four 
varieties in detail, and traces with much par- 
ticularity how each became specialized in its 
own environment, giving three chapters to 
Ethiopicus, four to Mongolicus, two to Ameri- 
canus and three to Caucasicus. 
I. Homo Ethiopicus, developed in two areas, 
Papuasia and Africa south of the equator. The 
two sets of peoples, however, are fundamentally 
one, and the likeness extends to the details of 
sub-varieties. Ethiopicus was the first to branch 
off from the Pleistocene precursor and develop 
three sub-varieties. No difficulty is encountered 
in these early migrations across an Indo-African 
continent now submerged. 
II. Homo Mongolicus developed on Central 
Asian plains and plateaux into three sub-varie- 
ties, Mongolo-Tartar, Tibeto-Indo-Chinese and 
Oceanic Mongols. 
IIL. Homo Americanus developed in the New 
World in Pleistocene times from Indo-Malaysia, 
whence he came in the primitive state, prior to 
all cultural developments, by two separate 
routes, giving rise to two zoological varieties, 
the Eskimo-Botocudo long-head, who migrated 
by way of now submerged lands across the 
North Atlantic; and the Mexican-Andean 
round-heads, who found their way in the new 
stone age from eastern Asia by the Bering 
waters. 
IV. Homo Caucasicus, whose original home 
as variety of the Pleistocene precursor was 
Africa, north of the Soudan, where the Cau- 
casic type was constituted in all its features. 
He arrived by way of trails across the now sub- 
merged Indo-African continent. Thence he 
occupied the Nile Valley, western Asia, west- 
ern and central Europe, and worked backward 
to become Toda in India, Ainu in northeastern 
Asia, Indonesian in Farther India and Polyne- 
sian in the archipelagoes of the Pacific. 
Each one of these primitive zoological groups 
is traced downward, mainly on biological lines 
to the present ethnic groups. The author has 
spared no pains in preserving his references in 
foot notes, thus setting the work away above such 
general treatises as that of Ratzel. He finds in 
SCIENCE. 
[N. S. Vox. X. No. 240. 
Homo Caucasius the most debatable field, be- 
cause, he thinks, of the more complex character 
of the subject. Is it not just possible, however, 
that our profounder knowledge of this variety 
makes it more difficult to play the game of 
synthesis with its parts? 
There are three points at which the work 
could be improved. The publisher has mal- 
treated the author’s well selected photographs 
shamefully. In these days of cheap and excel- 
lent graphic processes there is no excuse for 
this. Some faces are worse than others, but 
the Toda and the Yezo Ainu, in Plate XII, must 
have been nearest the cannon cracker when it 
exploded. 
A second weakness also must not be ascribed 
to the author, for it lies at the door of those 
who gave him information. For instance, if 
the members of the National Academy of 
Sciences agree that Bowers’s ‘ crust,’ which was 
‘busted, falling down a shaft in Calaveras 
county,’ is the cranium of a Pleiocene precur- 
sor, Mr. Keane is not to blame for repeating it. 
Or, if the writer who calls attention to a pair 
of snow goggles found in a gravel bank at 
Point Barrow, twenty-six feet beneath the sur- 
face, should omit to say that they had been 
made of driftwood, with a steel knife, and that 
the same pattern was worn there last winter, 
who blames Mr. Keane for finding the paleo- 
lithic man from the Arctic to Fuegia ? Though, 
we must say that this is the first information of 
his using snow blinkers. 
But, thirdly, the author has marred his book 
by prejudicial selection of authors. It will cer- 
tainly grieve some of Mr. Keane’s admirers on 
this side of the Atlantic to find writers quoted 
seriously who have no standing, while he omits 
all reference to such distinguished authorities 
as Daniel G. Brinton, Wm. H. Holmes, Garrick 
Mallery, Washington Matthews, Charles Rau, 
Everard M. Thurn and Jeffries Wyman. 
O. T. MAson. 
The Story of the Mind. By JAMES MARK BALD- 
win. New York, D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 
x + 236. 
Skill is needed to present psychology in 
popular form. ‘There is imminent danger of 
either unreadable technicality or of superficial 
